Most Down Articles

Published in last 1 year| In last 2 years| In last 3 years| All| Most Downloaded in Recent Month | Most Downloaded in Recent Year|

Published in last 1 year

Please wait a minute...


For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Research progress on the age-related changes in facial skin in Chinese women LU Nan, HUANG Tao, SONG Jiao, et al Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (2): 205-.   Abstract （452）      PDF（pc） （1033KB）（865）       Knowledge map    Save Skin is the largest organ in the human body and serves as the boundary between the internal and external environments. The aging process of facial skin is influenced by various factors， such as exposure to sunlight， environmental pollution， and lifestyle habits. Over time， facial skin exhibits typical signs of aging， including wrinkles， sagging， roughness， pigmentation， uneven skin tone， dryness， and decreased elasticity. With the rapid development of the economy and people's pursuit of a high-quality life， the quest for face rejuvenation has gained increasing attention. In this paper， research progress of age-related changes in facial skin among Chinese women was reviewed to offer theoretical support for the development of skincare products and the treatment practices of dermatologists. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Biological characteristics and applications of mesenchymal stem cell membranes WANG Yuhuan, QIAN Shutong, HU Zheyuan, et al Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (2): 198-.   Abstract （237）      PDF（pc） （2156KB）（612）       Knowledge map    Save Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） have been widely applied in cell therapy due to their multipotent differentiation capabilities， homing properties， and immunoregulatory functions. MSC membranes and their derivatives retain the membrane composition and biological characteristics of the source cells， and have gradually become a new focus of drug delivery research. MSC membranes can not only target diseased tissues but also modulate host immune responses through immunoregulatory molecules， thereby assisting in therapy. They demonstrate excellent targeting ability and biocompatibility in the treatment of diseases such as inflammation and tumors. However， the specific composition and corresponding functions of MSC membranes still require further investigation， and challenges remain in large-scale production and preservation for clinical applications. In this paper， the biological characteristics of MSC membranes and their applications in drug delivery and disease treatment were summarized， and the potential of engineering modifications to enhance targeting efficiency and therapeutic potential was discussed， providing a reference for the development of novel cell membrane therapies and carrier systems. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Research progress of 3D printing technology in bone tissue engineering LIU Mingrui, LIN Tao, LIN Zhiwei, et al Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (3): 297-.   Abstract （375）      PDF（pc） （1342KB）（565）       Knowledge map    Save  In recent years， 3D printing technology has been widely applied in the field of medicine， especially in the area of bone tissue engineering. 3D printing technology is capable of integrating different types of living cells into threedimensional structures composed of traditional micro- or nano-scale biomaterials， thereby creating artificial bone implants capable of regenerating damaged tissues. This technology enables the customization of the shape and size of bone implants according to the specific needs of patients， as well as the adjustment of material mechanical properties and pore structures to promote cell attachment， proliferation， and bone tissue regeneration. Such personalized treatment methods can provide patients with improved therapeutic effects and functional recovery. This review introduced several commonly used 3D printing methods and materials for bone substitutes， with a particular focus on their technical applications in bone repair and regeneration， aiming to familiarize readers with the latest developments and prospects of this technology in the field of bone tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Unveiling hypoxia-related biomarkers for diabetic foot ulcers through integrated bioinformatics analysis and machine learning GUO Genyu, ZHANG Chuqiao, XU Yinmei, et al Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (3): 238-.   Abstract （261）      PDF（pc） （6473KB）（469）       Knowledge map    Save   Objective  Diabetic foot ulcer （DFU） is a severe complication in diabetic patients， where the hypoxic microenvironment plays a critical role in its pathogenesis and delayed healing， though the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To systematically analyze the regulatory network of hypoxia-related genes in DFU using bioinformatics approaches， identify key biomarkers， and provide insights for targeted therapies. Methods Integrated datasets from GEO and MSigDB hypoxia-related gene sets were utilized. Differential expression analysis（ limma， DESeq2）， weighted gene coexpression network analysis （WGCNA）， and GO/KEGG functional enrichment were performed. Hub genes were screened using three machine learning algorithms（ Lasso， SVM-RFE， and random forest）， and their diagnostic efficacy was validated. Results  A total of 152 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were identified， including 14 hypoxia-related DEGs （HRDEGs）. Enrichment analysis revealed HRDEGs involvement in glucose metabolism， lipid metabolism， and immune cell regulation. Machine learning further pinpointed the hub gene BGN. BGN exhibited significantly lower expression in DFU groups， with area under the ROC curve （AUC） values of 0.833 （training set） and 0.931 （validation set）， indicating high diagnostic accuracy. Single-gene GSEA demonstrated that BGN participates in DFU pathology by regulating tissue repair， inflammatory responses， and extracellular matrix interactions. Conclusion BGN is a key biomarker in the hypoxic microenvironment of DFU and may serve as a potential molecular target for early diagnosis and targeted therapy. This study provides new directions for understanding DFU mechanisms and clinical interventions. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Advances in mesenchymal stem cells secretome for the treatment of chronic wounds WANG Jiaxin, DUAN Yuren, WANG Xiaobing Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (2): 148-.   Abstract （402）      PDF（pc） （1108KB）（440）       Knowledge map    Save Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） are widely used in the field of repair and regeneration because of their numerous biological effects. However， MSC cell therapy for chronic wounds has a number of drawbacks， including a limited ability to homing living cells， a lower survival rate， and the possibility of malignant differentiation. Recent advances have been made in the study of MSCs secretome， and cell-free therapy based on MSC secretome is considered to be a novel strategy for enhancing MSC bioavailability to treat chronic wounds. In this paper， the benefits of MSC secretome therapy， the mechanism by which the secretome acts on the wound， preconditioning methods to improve the secretome therapeutic potential were all discussed， and the research status of MSCs conditioned medium and MSCs extracellular vesicles was summarized， laying the groundwork for future clinical trials. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

The perioperative nursing of breast reconstruction using profunda artery perforator（ PAP） flap ZHOU Xiaoping, DI Meihua, HE Minmin Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (2): 134-.   Abstract （179）      PDF（pc） （1040KB）（426）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　 To explore the perioperative nursing care for patients undergoing breast reconstruction with profunda artery perforator （PAP） flap. Methods　Sixteen patients who underwent breast reconstruction with PAP flap were provided with preoperative psychological care， dietary preparation， postoperative dietary care， and local wound care. Clinical nursing points were summarized. Results　The patients recovered well after surgery， were satisfied with the surgical outcomes， and were discharged smoothly. Conclusion　Close observation of the dynamic changes in the patient's condition， along with sufficient， standardized， and effective nursing are important guarantees for the success of the surgery. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Research on the mechanism and application of mechanical stimulation in tendon injury repair LUO Yuqin, FANG Shuo Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (5): 495-.   Abstract （126）      PDF（pc） （1077KB）（338）       Knowledge map    Save Tendon injury is a common problem in the fields of sports medicine， joint orthopedics and plastic surgery. Its repair process is complex and prone to incomplete functional recovery， involving the participation of multiple cells and the interaction between various molecules. Due to the lack of vascular supply and less metabolic activity of tendons， their regenerative capacity is limited. Therefore， tendon injury repair is currently a formidable challenge in the medical field. In recent years， mechanical force stimulation， as an important physical intervention method， has been widely studied and applied in the repair of tendon injuries. During the process of tendon injury repair， mechanical force stimulation can promote the regeneration and functional recovery of tendons through multiple mechanisms of action， such as regulating cell behavior， influencing inflammatory responses， improving tissue structure， and promoting angiogenesis. In this paper， the mechanism and application research of mechanical stimulation in tendon injury repair were reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Research advances in the biological mechanism of bone repair with biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramic materials GUAN Wenge, TANG Renbo, HUA Wenda, et al Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (4): 383-.   Abstract （343）      PDF（pc） （985KB）（335）       Knowledge map    Save Biphasic calcium phosphates （BCPs） are bioactive ceramics composed of a mixture of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate in varying proportions， with a chemical composition very similar to the inorganic composition of bone tissue. It has become the most promising bone replacement material due to its excellent biocompatibility， osteoinductivity，osteoconductivity and adjustable degradation rate. This is attributed to the physicochemical properties， pore structure，crystallinity and morphological characteristics of BCP bioceramics. Numerous studies have shown that the bone-forming capacity of BCP bioceramics can be enhanced by optimising their phase composition， ionic environment and surface roughness. However， their potential bone-forming molecular mechanism of action remains a mystery. In this paper， the role of BCP bioceramics in relation to the surrounding biological environment of bone tissues was reviewed， the differentiation of  mesenchymal stem cells and immune response-induced bone and vasculogenesis in BCP bioceramics during the process of bone defect repair were introduced， as well as describing modified BCP bioceramics and discussing the future prospects in this field. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Study on the mechanism of tolvaptan inhibiting melanogenesis in B16F10 cells XU Jiacheng, CEN Qingqing, ZHU Cuicui, et al Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (2): 172-.   Abstract （205）      PDF（pc） （1529KB）（305）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　 To investigate the effects and mechanism of tolvaptan on melanogenesis. Methods　 This study used B16F10 cells as a model. The effects of tolvaptan on cell viability and melanin content were evaluated through cell viability assays and melanin content quantification. The effect of tolvaptan on tyrosinase （TYR） activity was observed by tyrosinase activity detection. Western blot analysis was employed to investigate the impact of tolvaptan on the expression levels of TYR family proteins and other key proteins involved in melanogenesis. Results　Cell viability assays and melanin content quantification demonstrated that tolvaptan significantly reduced intracellular melanin levels without compromising cellular viability. Tyrosinase activity assays revealed no inhibitory effect of tolvaptan on TYR catalytic function. Western blot analysis indicated that tolvaptan downregulated the protein expression of TYR family members， microphthalmia-associated transcription factor （MITF）， cAMP-responsive element-binding protein （CREB）， and melanocortin 1 receptor （MC1R）. Conclusion　Tolvaptan can inhibit melanogenesis， and the molecular mechanism may be achieved through the MC1R/cAMP signaling pathway. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Advances in the research，diagnosis and treatment of Proteus syndromeindenta tion and adhesion WANG Zhibo, WANG Bin Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (3): 305-.   Abstract （257）      PDF（pc） （2691KB）（289）       Knowledge map    Save Proteus syndrome is a localized proliferative disorder caused by a somatic activating mutation in AKT1（ c.49G →A， p.Glu17Lys）. The most common manifestations include cerebriform connective tissue nevi， exostoses， and pulmonary cystic changes， often resulting in a shortened lifespan for affected individuals. The clinical presentation is highly heterogeneous， involving multiple tissues， which complicates diagnosis and treatment. This paper systematically reviewed the etiology， animal models， clinical manifestations， diagnosis， and treatment of Proteus syndrome， aiming to support precise medical interventions for this rare disease. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Research progress of mutations in the signaling pathway of PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum disorders and related targeted therapy WANG Junbin, LI Mengjie, MA Ruoyan, et al Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (5): 508-.   Abstract （119）      PDF（pc） （1095KB）（279）       Knowledge map    Save PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum （PROS） disorders are rare diseases with vascular malformations and segmental overgrowth of certain body parts. These disorders， collectively referred to as the PROS spectrum， are all caused by mutations in the PIK3CA gene during embryonic development. These mutations lead to alterations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway， resulting in diverse phenotypic manifestations. In this paper， the specific loci of PROS mutations and the clinical applications and efficacy of various inhibitors targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were reviewed， and the various ongoing clinical trials and their future perspectives were discussed， in order to promote the development of innovative therapies and the implementation of more precise treatment strategies. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Research progress of bioactive glass in diabetic skin wound healing DAI Yueling, MA Yujin Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (5): 502-.   Abstract （231）      PDF（pc） （1074KB）（233）       Knowledge map    Save Diabetic refractory cutaneous wounds， as one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus， present complex pathogenesis primarily attributed to persistent hyperglycemia， micro-circulatory dysfunction， infection， and dysregulated inflammatory responses. Characterized by prolonged non-healing properties， these wounds not only significantly impair patients’ quality of life but also pose a major therapeutic challenge in current diabetes management. In recent years， bioactive glass has garnered increasing attention in soft tissue repair applications due to its unique bio-compatibility， proangiogenic properties， and antimicrobial efficacy. In this paper， recent advances in the application of bioactive glasses with different morphologies for diabetic wound treatment were reviewed， aiming to provide novel insights for optimizing therapeutic strategies for diabetic wound healing. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Application of case⁃based learning assisted by digitization in the clinical teaching of oral and cranio-maxillofacial deformities NIE Ping, YANG Zhi, YU Liyuan, et al Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (2): 211-.   Abstract （170）      PDF（pc） （1914KB）（231）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　 To evaluate the application effect of case-based learning assisted by digitization in clinical teaching of oral and cranio-maxillofacial deformities. Methods　A total of 40 students from College of Stomatology， Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were randomly divided into control group （n=20） and experimental group （n=20）. Students in control group received traditional teaching method with theoretical lectures， while students in experimental group received CBL assisted by digitization teaching method on the basis of traditional theoretical lectures. Theoretical knowledge， practical comprehensive ability assessment scores， and questionnaire survey of two teaching methods were evaluated. Results　 In terms of theoretical scores and clinical practice assessments， the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group， with a statistically significant difference（ P<0.05）. The students' experience ratings in control group and experimental group were 6.1±0.64 and 8.5±0.76， respectively， with a statistically significant difference（ P<0.05）. Questionnaire surveys showed that CBL assisted by digitization teaching method had received more positive feedback from students in terms of lively， interesting， and satisfactory courses， compared to traditional teaching method. Conclusion　The  application of CBL assisted by digitization teaching method is helpful to improve students' mastery of theoretical knowledge and increase their learning interest， and is an effective teaching method for improving and enhancing the practical application of oral clinical teaching. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Single-cell sequencing of spontaneous regressed giant congenital melanocytic nevus（ GCMN） JIN Jiamin, LAI Bohan, GU Jieyu, et al Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (2): 162-.   Abstract （213）      PDF（pc） （6029KB）（224）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To explore the cellular turnover and biological mechanisms underlying the spontaneous regression of giant congenital melanocytic nevus（ GCMN）. Methods　10× single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on normal skin， depigmented nevus， and non-regressed nevus from patients with spontaneous regressed GCMN. Raw data were first used to quantify gene expression， followed by dimensionality reduction， clustering， cell population identification， and visualization. Cell populations were annotated based on differentially expressed genes （DEGs）， and pathway enrichment and visualization of DEGs were carried out. Finally， histological staining was performed for validation. Results　 In GCMN， melanocytes constituted the largest proportion. During the regression process， the number of melanocytes decreased， while keratinocytes and fibroblasts increased. Immune cells exhibited a coexistence of both immune activation and suppression. In regressed tissues， melanocytes also expressed keratinocyte marker genes， while fibroblasts were enriched in pathways related to proliferation and extracellular matrix. Immunofluorescence staining revealed cells co-expressing SOX10 and Keratin， and pseudotime analysis indicated a transition of melanocytes into keratinocytes. Conclusion　The regression of GCMN is a longterm chronic inflammatory process， during which melanocytes undergo transformation and detach from the epidermal layer. Fibroblasts contribute to tissue repair and reconstruction. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Research progress of estrogen and wound healing WU Weimin, XIA Ming, WEN Lixia Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (2): 157-.   Abstract （278）      PDF（pc） （1037KB）（218）       Knowledge map    Save Studies have shown that estrogen plays a role in the four healing stages of hemostasis， inflammation， proliferation， and remodeling. It can regulate immune cells， fibroblasts， keratinocytes and other cells involved in healing through a variety of signaling pathways， reduce inflammatory response， promote cell proliferation and migration， regulate collagen synthesis and degradation， and accelerate wound healing. Topical application of estrogen or similar compounds has shown the potential to promote wound healing in animal experiments， but more research is needed to verify its efficacy and safety in clinical practice. The regulatory mechanism of estrogen on wound healing is complex， which needs further research. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Research progress in animal models of critical-sized bone defects of long bones in evaluation of biodegradable metals LIU Kai, AIHEMAITIJIANG Yusufu Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (2): 193-.   Abstract （183）      PDF（pc） （1030KB）（192）       Knowledge map    Save With increasing attention to biodegradable alloys for bone repair with good biocompatibility， mechanical properties， and osteogenic activity， the establishment of reproducible and practical animal models to evaluate their comprehensive performance plays an essential role before clinical application. Animal models such as rodents， rabbits， dogs， sheep， and pigs have been established to assess the availability and comparability of biodegradable alloys for bone repair， since their similar physiological and mechanical environment to the human body. Considering the differences in the size， quantity， implantation time， and biological response of biodegradable alloys for bone repair， low cost， easy access， tolerance to housing， and simple postoperative care and intervention procedure are important prerequisites for ideal animal models of critical-sized bone defects of long bone， to receive an adequate sample size in a short period. Therefore， the physiological characteristics， bone defect length， and repeatability of bone defect animal models using rodents， rabbits， dogs， sheep， and pigs were reviewed， to provide a reference for the study of biodegradable alloys. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

DSA observations of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius arteries and their use in flap grafting ZHANG Haiyu, ZHONG Haiyan, CHEN Yong, et al Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (2): 119-.   Abstract （174）      PDF（pc） （7846KB）（185）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To observe the course and branches of the medial and lateral sural arteries using digital subtraction angiography（ DSA） and to guide the application of perforator flaps from these arteries in repairing wounds in the middle and upper segments of the lower leg. Methods　A total of 10 patients with deep defects in the middle and upper segment of lower leg who received medial or lateral sural artery perforator flap transplantation were included in this study from September 2021 to September 2023. Preoperative DSA was performed to assess the course and branching patterns of the medial and lateral sural arteries. Additionally， handheld Doppler ultrasonography was utilized to precisely locate the perforators. The flaps were designed based on the location and size of the wound. The donor sites were either directly sutured or repaired by skin grafting. Postoperative follow-up was conducted to evaluate the recovery of limb function. Results　DSA revealed that the medial and lateral sural arteries descended from the popliteal artery， entering the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle， respectively. Based on the number of descending branches， the arteries were classified into four types： Type I （one main vessel trunk with no branches， 7 cases）， type IIA（ the main vessel formed 2 branches above the knee joint， 3 cases）， type IIB（ the main vessel formed 2 branches below the knee joint， 4 cases）， and type Ⅲ（ the main vessel formed ≥3 branches， 6 cases）. The diameters of the medial and lateral sural arteries at their origin were （1.59±0.6） mm and （1.47±0.58） mm， respectively. Handheld Doppler ultrasonography detected 1 to 4 perforators， with a mean of 2. All medial and lateral sural  artery perforator flaps survived successfully. Follow-up showed that the color， texture， and appearance of the flap was satisfactory and that the function of the affected limbs were restored. Conclusion　DSA can provide clear visualization of the course and branching patterns of the medial and lateral sural arteries. Combined with handheld Doppler ultrasonography detection for perforators， it can effectively guide the preoperative design and intraoperative dissection of perforator flaps supplied by these arteries. Medical and lateral sural perforator flaps can achieve favorable outcomes in wound repair of the middle and upper segments of the lower leg. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

The mechanisms of midfacial anatomical aging and the research progress on midfacial lifting surgery CHEN Heng, ZHOU Xu Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (3): 319-.   Abstract （423）      PDF（pc） （2809KB）（173）       Knowledge map    Save The anatomical layers of the midface are primarily divided into five layers： skin， subcutaneous tissue， SMAS layer， muscles， and bone. With aging， the midfacial skeleton gradually undergoes resorption； Muscle strength weakens and remains in a persistent hypertonic state； Deep fat atrophies， and superficial fat descends； Facial ligaments degenerate and undergo fibrosis； The skin loses moisture， elasticity decreases， wrinkles form， pigmentation increases， and dryness ensues. These complex anatomical layers interact， collectively leading to the outward appearance of midfacial aging. In response to midfacial aging and soft tissue descent， various facelift techniques have been continuously developed. Skin and subcutaneous tissue lifts are suitable for mild skin laxity； SMAS-layer lifting plays a central role in facial lifting surgery， forming a variety of classic SMAS lift techniques and minimally invasive methods； Deep plane lifting， which involves releasing the deep tissues beneath the SMAS layer， provides lasting rejuvenation effects， but with increased surgical complexity and risk. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Observation of the therapeutic effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined with ultrasound in ameliorating scar 　indentation and adhesion LI Xin, XUE Yaxin, XU Jia, et al Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (2): 178-.   Abstract （205）      PDF（pc） （4989KB）（172）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To observe the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy （ESWT） combined with ultrasound on the improvement of scar indentation and adhesion. Methods　A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 46 patients with scar depression and adhesion who were treated at our department from January 2023 to December 2023. All patients had dynamic depression of the scar after wound healing and underwent conservative scar rehabilitation treatment at our department. According to whether ESWT was received or not， the patients were divided into control group and experimental group. The control group was treated with traditional ultrasound to improve scar adhesion， and the experimental group was treated with ESWT on the basis of ultrasound therapy. The patients’ scar skin images and thickness data were collected using a 14 MHz high-frequency ultrasound before and after treatment for 2 weeks， 4 weeks， 8 weeks， respectively. The Shore hardness meter was used to evaluate the hardness of the scars in each group， and the patients’ satisfaction with the treatment was recorded， along with any adverse events. Results　After 2 weeks， 4 weeks， and 8 weeks of treatment， the Bultrasound showed that the anterior-posterior diameter （scar thickness） of the control group and the experimental group decreased， and the change in the experimental group was more obvious （P<0.05）. After 2 weeks， 4 weeks， and 8 weeks of treatment， the hardness measured by the hardness meter in both groups showed a decrease in hardness， and the hardness of the scar in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group at each time point （P<0.05）. After 2 months of treatment， the satisfaction score of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group（ P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of hematoma and pain between the two groups （P>0.05）. Conclusion　 ESWT treatment can effectively reduce scar thickness and improve scar hardness on the basis of ultrasound treatment， and significantly improve the treatment satisfaction of patients and their families， which is worthy of promotion in the clinical treatment of scar depression and adhesion.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Carving knife in biological 3D printing： Research and application of sacrificial ink LI Jing, GUO Ke Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2025, 21 (2): 188-.   Abstract （210）      PDF（pc） （1026KB）（171）       Knowledge map    Save The core of bio-3D printing technology lies in the development and optimization of bio-ink. For a long time， researchers have been looking for bio-inks that can balance printability and cell function. However， traditional bio-inks often have limitations in meeting this balance， limiting the complexity and scale of printable structures. In recent years， the emergence of sacrifice inks has brought a major breakthrough in this field， allowing bio-inks that were originally not very suitable for printing to accurately construct larger and more complex structures. This ink is unique in that it is used to support and position the bio-ink， but is removed after printing is complete， not as part of the final printed structure， and the mild nature of the state transition and removal conditions allows for minimal damage to cell viability and print structure when the ink is“ sacrificed”. By the application of sacrifice inks， bioprinting technology can not only produce more realistic and complex tissue structures， but also is expected to provide broader application prospects for clinical treatment and regenerative medicine in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）