生成式人工智能的双刃剑效应——DeepSeek在外语教育领域的应用优势与潜在风险探析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2025.03.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生成式人工智能技术的突破性发展为教育领域带来结构性变革。作为典型应用的DeepSeek系统,其在外语教育场景中展现出多维赋能价值:构建自适应学习支持系统,实现语言技能发展的个性化诊断;创设多模态技能发展框架,通过智能对话机制强化跨文化交际能力培养;建立自动化评估反馈体系,运用自然语言处理技术提升教学诊断效度;创新教学设计范式,为教师提供基于大数据的学情分析工具。然而,该技术的教育应用伴随显著的伦理风险与实践挑战:学术诚信体系面临智能代写导致的效度危机,教师专业身份遭遇人机协同的教学权威重构挑战,学生认知能动性呈现技术依赖引发的弱化趋势,以及生成内容存在文化偏误与逻辑谬误等效度偏差问题。研究指出,教育场域的技术治理需建立三重平衡机制:在工具理性与价值理性间构建人机协同的教育生态,在效率追求与质量保障间形成动态监测体系,在技术创新与教育本质间确立伦理审查框架。建议通过开发教师智能教育能力认证体系、构建学生数字素养培育课程模块、完善智能教育产品质量标准等路径,实现生成式人工智能技术与外语教育目标的深度契合,促进语言能力培养与核心素养发展的有机统一。

关键词: 生成式人工智能, 外语教育, 双刃剑效应, 技术治理, 人机协同

中图分类号:

H319

郜洁. 生成式人工智能的双刃剑效应——DeepSeek在外语教育领域的应用优势与潜在风险探析[J]. 当代外语研究, 2025, 25(3): 140-151.

GAO Jie. The Double-Edged Sword Effect of Generative Artificial Intelligence: Exploring Application Advantages and Potential Risks of DeepSeek in Foreign Language Education[J]. Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies, 2025, 25(3): 140-151.

图/表 3

表1

DeepSeek生成的童话故事写作示例

提示语
请你用下列5个词生成一篇童话故事:river, mountain, tiger, boys, stones
一键生成的童话
The Guardian Stones By the bend of the whispering river, where the mountain cast its shadow at dusk, two boys stumbled upon a circle of glimmering stones. The village elders had warned of this place—where the stones were said to sleep by day and stir by night. But curiosity, as it often does, outran caution. As the last light faded, the largest stone pulsed like a heartbeat. Then came the growl—low, rumbling, the sound of the mountain itself waking. From the trees emerged a tiger, its stripes shifting like liquid shadow. Yet its eyes held no hunger, only a weary wisdom. “The stones choose their keepers,”it spoke—not in words, but in the boys’ minds. The river hummed in agreement. One boy reached to touch the stones; the other stepped back. In that moment, the circle flared, and the tiger’s form dissolved into a thousand fireflies, swirling around the brave child who had reached out.
By dawn, only one boy returned to the village. His pockets brimmed with smooth stones that glowed faintly when he whispered to them. The river kept its secrets, the mountain its guardian. And in the hush between wind and water, if you listen closely, you might still hear the tiger’s purr—a rumble deep as the earth itself. Key Elements Used: - River: Keeper of secrets and threshold between worlds - Mountain: Ancient presence housing the supernatural - Tiger: Shapeshifting guardian testing courage - Boys: Duality of curiosity and caution - Stones: Vessels of power that choose their inheritors Style Notes: Blends animistic folklore with modern magical realism. The tiger’s transformation subverts traditional“villain”tropes, while the stones represent inherited responsibility. Would you like to expand the lore (e.g., why only one boy was chosen) or sharpen the moral ambiguity?

表1

表2

DeepSeek对英语作文的评估与修改建议

问题:请从词汇、语法、逻辑三方面修改并评价这篇英语作文:
原文:
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen,Some of us are having problems with our parents, as they often look into our school bags or read our diaries. I fully understand why we are not comfortable about it, but there’s no need to feel too sad. Our parents are checking our bags or diaries to make sure we are not getting into any trouble. They have probably heard some horrible stories about other kids and thought we might do the same. Or perhaps they just want to connect with us but are doing it all wrong. My suggestion is: Tell them we want them to trust us as much as we’d like to trust them. If you don’t think you can talk to them, write them a letter and leave it lying around—they are bound to read it. Thank you! DeepSeek针对该英语作文的词汇、语法和逻辑三个方面的修改与评价,并提供优化后的版本: 一、词汇分析 1. 优点:使用基本词汇准确,如“comfortable”“horrible stories”等表达清晰。 2. 问题: -重复使用简单词汇(如“problems”“check”),缺乏多样性 -非正式表达(如“doing it all wrong”)不符合演讲文体 -“bound to read it”含被动消极意味 3. 改进建议: -“problems”→“concerns/conflicts” -“check”→“monitor/inspect” -“doing it all wrong”→“adopting inappropriate approaches” ### 二、语法分析 1. 优点:基本句式结构正确,时态使用一致 2. 问题: -标点错误(“Good morning,”多余空格) -碎片化句式(“Or perhaps they...”开头不完整) -情态动词使用单一(仅用“can/want”) 3. 改进建议: -使用复合句:“Having heard distressing incidents about other adolescents, they may fear we could follow similar paths.” -增加情态动词:“Parents might intend to strengthen bonds with us” ### 三、逻辑分析 1. 优点:论点明确,建议方案具体 2. 问题: -未解释“why trust is important” -解决方案单一(仅书信沟通) -缺乏过渡连接词
3. 改进建议: -增加信任建立的必要性分析 -补充替代方案(如定期家庭会议) -添加逻辑连接词:“Nevertheless...”,“Consequently...” ### 优化后的版本 Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, Many adolescents experience intergenerational conflicts, particularly regarding parental behaviors like inspecting school bags or reading personal diaries. While such actions undoubtedly cause discomfort, we should recognize their underlying concerns. Having heard distressing incidents involving other teenagers, parents may excessively worry about our well-being. Alternatively, they might attempt—albeit through inappropriate approaches—to establish closer connections with us. Nevertheless, mutual trust forms the cornerstone of healthy parent-child relationships. Here are constructive suggestions: First, explicitly express our desire for reciprocal trust. If direct communication seems challenging, consider writing a heartfelt letter placed where they will likely notice it. Additionally, proposing regular family dialogues could foster better understanding. Remember, their actions stem from care, not distrust. By initiating open conversations, we can transform these tensions into opportunities for deeper bonding. Thank you. 综合评分(百分制) \|维度\|原版得分\|优化版得分\|提升点\| \|--------\|--------\|--------\|--------\| \|词汇\| 65 \| 85 \|术语精准度+30% \| \|语法\| 70 \| 90 \|句式复杂度+25% \| \|逻辑\| 75 \| 95 \|论证严密性+35% \| 总评:原文观点清晰但表达较浅显,优化后显著提升了学术性和说服力,特别加强了因果论证与解决方案的系统性。建议增加具体案例(如调查数据)进一步增强可信度。

表2

表3

DeepSeek 为高中生推荐的外语个性化指导的建议

问题:作为一名高中生,目前英语能力处于中等水平,希望能够提升词汇量和写作水平,有什么推荐的学习材料或APP?
DeepSeek的建议:
根据你的英语水平和学习目标,结合认知科学理论和二语习得研究,为你推荐以下经过验证的高效学习工具和方法: 一、词汇提升方案 1. Anki(记忆卡片软件) 科学原理:基于间隔重复系统(Spaced Repetition) 使用方法:下载「高考核心3500词」牌组,每天学习30张新卡+复习旧卡优势:算法自动安排复习频率,记忆留存率提升300% 2.百词斩(APP) 特色功能: 图像联想记忆(符合双重编码理论) 真题例句库(近5年高考真题语料) 建议:设置每日50词,重点记忆「认知词汇→活用词汇」二、写作提升工具 3. Grammarly(浏览器插件) 三大核心功能: 实时语法纠错(错误检出率92%) 学术风格优化(适合高考书面表达) 词汇丰富度分析注意:免费版已足够基础需求 4.批改网(PC端) 中国特色:专为中学生开发的AI批改系统亮点:
高考作文智能评分(与人工评分相关性r=0.89) 提供可替换的高级词汇建议三、综合训练平台 5.每日英语听力(APP) 推荐内容: 「高考真题听力精析」专栏 TED-Ed精选(带双语字幕) 学习方法:采用「3-2-1影子跟读法」提升语感 6. Oxford Learner’s Dictionary(网页版) 独特价值: 词汇搭配可视化地图例句均来自语料库(如「高考高频动词」专栏) 四、学习策略建议(基于CLIL教学理念) 1.词汇笔记本管理法: 左页记录新词(含柯林斯星级标注) 右页制作「词汇网络图」(如图) 2.推荐补充材料: 《高中英语写作必备200句》(外研社) 《高考英语词汇思维导图》(华东师大版) 五、学习周期建议第一阶段(1~3月):词汇量突破2500→3500 第二阶段(4~6月):写作评分从15分→20分(高考标准) 每日投入:碎片时间30分钟+集中学习45分钟这些工具和方法的共同特点是: 1.符合认知负荷理论 2.经过高考命题专家验证 3.适合中等水平突破瓶颈

表3

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