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Overview of the Development of Flexible Ocean CTD Sensors LI Jihao1, LIN Guanying2, WANG Nuansheng3, LI Yang3, LI Junyang1 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (3): 69-77.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.03.11 Abstract （394）      PDF（pc） （5779KB）（1387）       Knowledge map    Save Marine hydrological information plays a significant role in development and exploration of marine resources. Temperature, salinity and depth are fundamental elements of marine hydrology. Monitoring of marine temperature, salinity and depth data plays an important role in the development and utilization of marine resources. The conductivity temperature depth profiler (CTD) is the main instrument for observing seawater temperature and salinity profiles. By using CTD sensors, parameters such as temperature and conductivity of seawater at different depths can be measured. In recent years, flexible electronic sensors have demonstrated great potential for application due to their excellent stretchability and easy attachment, which not only achieve the sensing performance of traditional rigid sensors to a certain extent, but also compensate for the shortcomings of traditional sensors such as large volume and weight. This review introduces the research progress of flexible ocean CTD sensors in recent years, mainly including the working mechanism and classification, common materials, manufacturing processes of flexible sensors, and analyzes the structure, performance, and application platform of existing flexible ocean CTD sensors. Finally, the development of flexible ocean CTD sensors is prospected. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Overview of the Development and Design of Dynamic Cable for Floating Offshore Wind Power in China LIN Zeyin, WANG Yibing, LI Dongsheng Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 41-46.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.07 Abstract （220）      PDF（pc） （2023KB）（672）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the global offshore wind power has developed rapidly. As nearshore resources become increasingly scarce, offshore wind power has gradually moved to the deeper sea. To accommodate the dynamic characteristics of floating wind turbines, floating platforms must be supported by dynamic cables. This is a comprehensive cable of transmitting electricity and control signals, with constantly changing position and force status, which can withstand the combined effect of wind, wave, current and other natural environment, to ensure the effective transmission of power and monitoring signals. Compared with foreign industries, Chinas dynamic cable industry started later, with the harsh working conditions and the lack of relevant technology. All these factors restrict the progress of the dynamic cable industry. This paper will provide a detailed introduction to the basic principles, current development status, key technologies, and challenges faced by floating wind turbine dynamic cables, summarizing the latest industry information and technology to support the development of Chinas dynamic cable industry. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Influence of Sea Condition on Tracking Accuracy and Control Energy Consumption of Unmanned Surface Vessels under Straight Line Navigation YONG Jiuqin1, 2, XUE Zhentao1, 2, CHEN Li1, 2 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 103-109.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.16 Abstract （214）      PDF（pc） （2226KB）（570）       Knowledge map    Save Adaptability to various sea conditions is vital to unmanned surface vessels (USVs). This paper aims to reveal influence of sea conditions on tracking performance. The USV controlled by PID tuned for the baseline sea condition is studied. A three degree of freedom dynamic model is built， and a new evaluation index of control energy consumption accounting for propeller propulsion and steering mechanism operation is designed other than the conventional tracking accuracy. Simulation results demonstrate the variation trend of the tracking accuracy and control energy consumption with sea conditions under the typical straight line navigation case. The performance is significantly affected under high sea conditions， with root mean square error increasing 188 times up to 158.207m and control energy consumption increasing 3 times up to 46.916 kWh. The quantification of the tracking accuracy and control energy consumption with sea conditions provides reference for the design and control of USVs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and Analysis of Mooring System for Hexagonal Floating Photovoltaic Platform SUN Jiayang, CUI Yutao, REN Tie, WANG Yihou Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 29-35.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.05 Abstract （287）      PDF（pc） （9090KB）（333）       Knowledge map    Save Floating photovoltaic platforms， recognized as the most promising technological development direction in the industry， have advantages such as wide application scenarios and low environmental pollution. Their development is of great significance for the development and utilization of offshore solar energy. However， the research on floating photovoltaic platforms in China started relatively late and is still in the empirical stage. As a positioning system for floating photovoltaic platforms， mooring systems can ensure stable operation under extreme sea conditions. Therefore， the design and selection analysis of mooring systems have important research value. This article compares the scattering mooring and group mooring forms of a floating photovoltaic platform in the waters of China， and explores the motion response characteristics and mooring line tension characteristics of different mooring forms of photovoltaic platforms under extreme sea conditions. The research results can provide reference for the reasonable selection and design of photovoltaic platform mooring systems. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Research on the Selection of Anchor Cable Layout for Submerged Floating Tunnels WANG Jinduo, JI Chong, LI Xin, ZHANG Xiantao Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (3): 10-17.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.03.02 Abstract （206）      PDF（pc） （1894KB）（282）       Knowledge map    Save Submerged floating tunnels(SFTs) are a new type of transportation structure used to cross deep water. To ensure the dynamic stability of SFTs under wave and current loading, an appropriate mooring system is required. This research focuses on submerged floating tunnels with anchor cables and investigates the impact of different anchor cable layouts on the dynamic response of SFTs. Utilizing OrcaFlex software, finite element models are established to analyze the stiffness of mooring systems under both vertical and inclined layouts. The variations in tunnel displacement, acceleration, and anchor cable tension under regular waves and uniform currents are examined. The results show that the inclined anchor cable layout with an inclination angle of 45° and an installation angle of 45° can effectively suppress the vertical and lateral motion response of the tunnel, ensuring structural stability and preventing anchor cable fatigue damage. Furthermore, this layout is applicable to SFTs of different lengths. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on AUV Path Planning Method Based on Deep Sea Multi-Target Search Mission XU Chunhui1, 2, ZHOU Shihao1, 2, 4, QI Yu1, 2, FANG Tian1, 2, 3, YANG Shilin1, 2, 3 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 95-102.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.15 Abstract （185）      PDF（pc） （4652KB）（222）       Knowledge map    Save Autonomous underwater robots (AUVs) can perform tasks such as resource exploration and target search in deep sea areas. At offshore sites, we often face the need to quickly respond to mission deployment and conduct path planning for AUV search and mapping missions. This paper proposes an AUV multi-target search method that clusters first and then searches in the AUV multi-suspect target point search task. It performs K-means clustering on multiple target points in the large-scale sea area to be measured to form multiple target points to be tested. The measurement area reduces the search for non-target areas and ensures higher search efficiency when the AUV carries limited energy; the comb path scheme is implemented in multiple areas to be measured to form an AUV search path in multiple areas. An AUV multi-target clustering search software based on Tkinter was developed to implement the method proposed in this article through visual interactive tools, solving the problems of time-consuming and error-prone manual planning and improving the efficiency of AUV deployment. Finally, We compare the length of AUV paths between different cluster numbers to determine the feasibility and application value of this method. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploration of Underwater Storage Facilities Application Scenarios CAI Wenjuan, CAO Pengwei, ZHAO Ming, ZHOU Qi Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 125-130.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.19 Abstract （199）      PDF（pc） （4331KB）（205）       Knowledge map    Save Underwater storage facilities， leveraging oil-water displacement technology， serve as independent storage units that provide diversified media storage at sea and are essential for the development and utilization of marine energy. This paper analyzes five potential application scenarios for future underwater storage facilities， including the development of marginal oil fields in shallow waters， underwater energy storage technology， underwater methanol and ammonia storage technology， underwater carbon dioxide storage technology， and the storage and injection technology of chemical reagents on the seabed. In marginal oil fields， a combined approach using an integrated processing platform， underwater storage facilities， and shuttle tankers can enhance cost adaptability and the flexibility of storage capacity customization. Underwater energy storage technology (underwater compressed air energy storage and underwater hydrogen storage) is provided for offshore wind platforms to ensure the stability of power transmission and reduce the limitations of storage space on the platform. Offshore wind power can also be converted into methanol and ammonia， by adopting underwater storage solutions. The storage units on the platform can be canceled， thereby reducing overall investment. By installing LCO2 storage facilities underwater instead of storing it on the injection platform， the efficiency of LCO2 storage and its environmental adaptability can be improved. The use of seabed chemical reagent storage and injection technology significantly enhances the safety， cost-effectiveness， and injection accuracy of the chemical reagent system. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anomaly Detection of Environmental Features Based on LSTM-Reconstructed Data ZHOU Lei1, SU Xin2, ZHANG Qi2, HUANG Yi2 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 1-7.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.01 Abstract （172）      PDF（pc） （5649KB）（157）       Knowledge map    Save With the advancement of environmental monitoring technologies， accurately identifying anomalies in data has become a crucial challenge. This study introduces a method combining Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and Random Forest models for predicting and reconstructing environmental feature data， thereby enabling effective anomaly monitoring. Initially， the LSTM model is used to forecast time series data for environmental features such as wind speed and direction. Subsequently， these forecasts are used as inputs to apply a Random Forest model for predicting axial force. The research indicates that by reconstructing features， the accuracy of axial force predictions can be significantly enhanced compared to direct anomaly detection methods. The R2 values， Mean Absolute Error (MAE)， and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) for data with reconstructed features surpass those for data with original features. Particularly， the improvement from an R2 value of 0.921 to 0.956 underscores a significant enhancement in the model's data fitting capability. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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China‘s First DP-3 Closed Ring Power System Design of Engineer Ship XU Aijin, XU Weiping, HAN Xuyan Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (3): 36-41.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.03.06 Abstract （179）      PDF（pc） （4502KB）（129）       Knowledge map    Save In response to a leading vessel design requirement that cooperating DP-3 closed ring power system, this paper introduce an optimize design of a new deep-water diving support vessel of Shanghai Salvage Bureau from the analysis of the thruster configuration, electric load balance and single line diagram, combined with the DP capability assessment. Then, we divide the overall structure and equipment redundancy grouping of the vessel’s closed ring power station on account of “three-engine rooms, four-DP zones” design. Meanwhile, this paper discusses the design of dual feeding power supply for a special separated switchboard and the protection logic during closed ring operation. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and Optimization of Impeller for Underwater Helico-axial Multiphase Pump LIU Yibo1, BI Yuqin1, MA Qiang2, 3, XIAO Huaping1, LIU Shuhai1 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 14-20.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.03 Abstract （292）      PDF（pc） （2410KB）（125）       Knowledge map    Save As a key equipment in underwater pressurization technology， the underwater helical axial flow mixing pump is widely used in the development of offshore oil and gas fields. How to further enhance its pressurization performance has attracted the attention of researchers. This study adopts a method combining orthogonal experimental design and numerical simulation to optimize 5 key structural parameters of the helical axial flow pump impeller， aiming to improve the pressurization performance of the mixing pump. Using Fluent software and the standard SST k-ω turbulence model， numerical simulations are conducted on a singlestage compression unit of a helical axial flow pump with an impeller shaft diameter of 350 mm. The influence of five different structural parameters of the impeller on the pressurization performance is studied， and the optimal parameter combination is determined. The results show that under the operating conditions of a flow rate of 500 m3/h and a speed of 4500 r/min， the pressurization performance is optimal for a compression unit with three blades， a blade wrap angle of 130°， a blade thickness of 6 mm， and inlet and outlet angles of 6°， achieving 2.02 MPa， which is a 22% improvement in pressurization compared to the initial structure. Finally， numerical simulations are carried out on the optimized threestage mixing pump impeller under different operating conditions to predict the pressurization effect. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of underwater helical axial flow mixing pumps. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Development and Adaptability of Subsea Compressor Boosting Technology MENG Yao, HOU Guangxin, LIU Weibin, LIU Yongfei Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (3): 57-62.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.03.09 Abstract （173）      PDF（pc） （3494KB）（107）       Knowledge map    Save The wellhead pressure of the subsea trees could be reduced dramatically by using subsea compressor technology, thereby increasing the production of the target gas field and achieving better economic benefits. The subsea compressor boosting technology has been increasingly valued and favored by domestic and foreign oil companies in recent years. This paper study on the development of the subsea compressor boosting technology and compare the technology roadmap of different subsea compressor to determine better solution for projects in Nanhai Sea in order to provide reference for future potential subsea compressor boosting project. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and Application of the End-up System for the Suction Bucket Jacket WANG Shuai, YANG Guangjuan, WANG Xiaobin, HUANG Guilang, FAN Weiwei Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 110-116.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.17 Abstract （162）      PDF（pc） （8455KB）（102）       Knowledge map    Save In response to the rapid development of offshore wind power equipment construction， relying on the existing suction bucket jacket construction project， this paper compares and analyzes the characteristics and performance of existing jacket hoisting technology， and innovatively designs a jacket end-up system according to project requirements， which is used for the vertical work of a 1400t jacket. The article analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the flipping system with traditional cranes， and uses finite element software to analyze the overall strength and stability of the end-up system. This system has been successfully applied in practical engineering， successfully end-up 50 sets of suction bucket jacket， proving the reliability and safety of the system， and providing the latest technical reference for the construction and installation of offshore wind power suction bucket jacket. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Experimental Study on Platform Vortex Induced Motion Considering Wave Current Coupling Effect TANG Qianyu Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 75-84.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.12 Abstract （144）      PDF（pc） （5727KB）（83）       Knowledge map    Save In order to further investigate the vortex motion response of the platform under wave-current coupling， this study conducted vortex motion tests of the platform under wave-current coupling for a deepwater semi-submersible production， storage and offloading platform in the Lingshui 17-2 gas field in the northern part of the South China Sea， which is planned to be developed by the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC). The objective of the study is to characterize and quantify the vortex-excited motion response of the semi-submersible platform under different flow velocities， flow angles， and the presence or absence of wave action， in order to provide design inputs for the fatigue analysis of risers and moorings. We fabricated a 1∶60 scaled-down model of the semi-submersible platform， simulated purely homogeneous flow and wave-coupled environmental conditions through a towed pool， and tested the static stiffness， intrinsic period， and six-degree-of-freedom kinematic response of the platform. The results show that the vortex-excited motions of the semi-submersible platform are mainly characterized by transverse and longitudinal motions in the horizontal plane and first sway， with the transverse motion response being the most significant. Under the effect of uniform flow， the amplitude of transverse motion response at 45° flow angle is larger than that at 0° flow angle， and it reaches the maximum in the interval of folding speed from 5 to 7. The additional damping device effectively reduces the kinematic response， especially at 45° flow angle. The presence of waves has a weakening effect on the vortex-excited motion amplitude， which is especially significant at folding velocities close to 7. In addition， the experiments also observed that the longitudinal and first-swing motions exhibited different characteristics from those under uniform flow. The significance of this study is to provide important engineering data and theoretical support for the design of semi-submersible platforms in deep-sea oil and gas development， which can help to optimize the design of riser and mooring systems and ensure the safe and stable operation of the platforms in complex marine environments. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of the Characteristics of Offshore Wind Power Operation and Maintenance Technologies and Strategies YU Xichong1, LIU Chao1, LIU Xiaoyan1, LI Zhichuan2, WU Yufei1 LI Ouping1 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (3): 18-21.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.03.03 Abstract （344）      PDF（pc） （1382KB）（80）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the characteristics of offshore wind power operation and maintenance in China, this paper analyzes the current situation and development trend of offshore wind power operation and maintenance technology and equipment in China. Taking an offshore wind farm in the South China Sea as a research scenario, this paper proposes a vibration monitoring scheme for offshore wind turbine system, an offshore wind turbine boarding scheme, an offshore wind turbine maintenance and operation and maintenance scheme, and an offshore wind farm inspection scheme, which puts forward guiding significance for the operation and maintenance of offshore wind farms in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Wave Slamming Impact on the Launching of Underwater Data Cabin XU Aijin Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 89-94.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.14 Abstract （165）      PDF（pc） （7319KB）（77）       Knowledge map    Save In the process of subsea manifold hoisting and lowering， when the ship-cable-body multi-body coupling system moves greatly due to strong nonlinear environmental load， the cables of the hoisting system will change rapidly from slack to tensioning， resulting in the instantaneous surge of mooring impact tension， which may endanger the safe operation of the system. This article simulates the launching process of the underwater data center through fully coupled dynamic time-domain simulation. It considers the motion of ships and the effects of wind， waves， currents， and wave slamming， especially the impact of waves on the underwater data center when it first enters the water. Sensitivity analysis is conducted on the key parameters of wave slamming， accurately predicting the acceleration and six degrees of freedom of the data center when it enters the water， ensuring the smooth and safe entry of the underwater data center into the water. The research results provide certain theoretical and technical references for the design and offshore installation of underwater data centers in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Development and Performance Test of Chemical Injection Metering Valve Calibration Loop JIANG Donglei1, MA Xiaowei2, 3, ZENG Chunmin1, LI Fengqing3, LI Wentuo1, ZHANG Xiaodong3, JIA Juncai1 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 8-13.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.02 Abstract （198）      PDF（pc） （5181KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Save Chemicals such as methanol and ethylene glycol can prevent the formation of hydrates， waxing and scaling within subsea production systems， playing a crucial role in flow assurance. Subsea Chemical Injection Metering Valve (CIMV) is used to control and measure the injected chemicals into subsea production systems. It aids in achieving precise ondemand injection as well as cost reduction and efficiency increase. The structure and measurement principle of CIMV differ significantly from conventional flow meters， hence rigorous calibration is required to ensure the measurement accuracy meeting the design requirements. Based on the product characteristics of CIMV， this paper introduces the design and construction of the first domestic CIMV calibration loop， and discusses how to use this loop to study and build a selfdeveloped CIMV measurement algorithm model. The measurement accuracy of CIMV is verified on this loop， with results as good as ±3% F.S. (Full Scale). This paper provides a valuable reference for the localization of CIMV. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Numerical Study on Local Scour at Composite Piles with Collars in Uniform Flows WANG Hui, DU Dengxuan, LIU Haichao, YU Guoliang, ZHANG Minxi Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (3): 1-9.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.03.01 Abstract （116）      PDF（pc） （14824KB）（45）       Knowledge map    Save Local scour at piles poses a significant threat to the safety of offshore wind power and sea-crossing bridges. Addressing the issue of reducing scour depth is an urgent and pivotal challenge that requires immediate attention. The collar is a disk-like structure that reduces the scour depth by weakening the hydrodynamics around the pile. In this study, numerical experiments on the local scour at composite piles with different collars were conducted. The influence of collar layout position, thickness, width, and attack angle on local flow field, bed shear stress, and scour protection effect were discussed. The results show that the position, width, and attack angle of the collar exert a significant influence on local scour, whereas the thickness of the collar has a negligible impact on its effectiveness in scour protection. The larger the collar width and the negative value of the attack angle, the better the scour protection effect. When the collar is set at the edge of the pile cap foundation, with a width ranging from 1～1.5 times the height of the pile cap foundation and an attack angle of -45°, its scour protection effect on the composite pile is the best. The results can provide references for engineering design of pile foundation scour protection. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Introduction to Ship Model Making：Taking the Adora Magic City Cruise as an Example ZHAO Guanyixuan, ZHANG Shutian, XIE Kexin, LI Yuting, LI Jiaqiang, LI Chengwei, ZHANG Dapeng Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.01 Abstract （89）      PDF（pc） （7656KB）（36）       Knowledge map    Save Since the 18th CPC National Congress， China has made historic achievements in the development of the marine cause， but there are still some gaps compared with the world's maritime powers. The construction of a marine talent team is a key link in building a strong maritime nation. Cultivating marine talents with an international outlook， an innovative spirit and practical ability is an inevitable requirement for building a strong maritime nation. Modelling， as a practical activity integrating science， technology and art， plays a unique role in the training of marine-related talents. By making models of ships and marine platforms， makers are able to intuitively understand the structural principles， design concepts and construction processes of marine equipment， thus cultivating spatial imagination， practical operational ability and engineering thinking. In this article， we will take the production of the model of Adora Magic City; cruise ship as an example， introduce the model production process， and provide science and technology related to ship modeling， simultaneously popularizing knowledge related to ship models. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Experimental Analysis of Dropping Motion Characteristics of Hall Anchor in Water SUN Yongqiang, LI Ruibin, WANG Wenkai, FAN Lianming Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (3): 31-35.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.03.05 Abstract （176）      PDF（pc） （2808KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save The settlement characteristics of anchor in water, such as drag coefficient, equilibrium depth and equilibrium velocity, are of great significance to the calculation of anchorage force, the analysis of ship stability and the design of buried depth of submarine pipe and cable. In this paper, an empirical formula for calculating the drag coefficient of the Hall anchor when it falls freely in water is proposed through theoretical analysis and physical model test. The results show that it has an exponential function relationship with water depth and anchor mass. For the anchors of representative ship types corresponding to different channels, the minimum equilibrium depth is greater than the channel depth, and the actual touchdown velocity in the channel will be less than the equilibrium velocity. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Factory Acceptance Test of Subsea Control Module in Deepwater Oil and Gas Field ZHANG Jie, LONG Xiaopin, DENG Chiyu, LI Jing, MENG Zhiwei Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (3): 49-56.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.03.08 Abstract （129）      PDF（pc） （854KB）（32）       Knowledge map    Save As a core part of subsea production system in oil and gas field, SCM (subsea control module) is complex in design, difficult and expensive for maintenance. The failure of an SCM can cause interruption of production. It‘s essential to perform the function and performance test once manufactured and prior to delivery. Currently, there is hardly any research on the SCM FAT (factory acceptance test) on the basis of literature review. The SCM FAT includes hydraulic functional test and electric-control system test ect. Researched and concluded in this paper is based on the real experience of the deepwater gas field development project. This paper can be used as a guide for SCM for deepwater oil & gas field development project in China Sea in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Rheological Properties of Epoxy Resin Sealant and Experimental Study of Underwater Sealing LIU Yang, SUN Shiyu, HE Zhenlin, MA Rongtai Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (3): 78-83.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.03.12 Abstract （231）      PDF（pc） （5087KB）（31）       Knowledge map    Save In this work, the properties and sealing properties of epoxy resin sealants are studied by means of rheology and laboratory simulation experiments. The result shows that the epoxy resin sealant and its components are pseudoplastic fluids with obvious shear thinning properties. The temperature has a significant effect on its properties. The sealant formed by the ratio of material components in 3∶1 presents a high viscosity at 4℃. In addition, Exponential relationship model between viscosity and temperature is proposed by using Arrhenius relationship and experimental data. The result of underwater simulation experiments confirmed that the sealant has good bonding performance and compressive strength, and can be used as a raw material for injection of shallow water sealing structures. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Development of Suction Bucket Foundation Technology in China Based on Patent Analysis MA Tianchi1, ZHENG Yuan2, NIU Guoxu3, CAO Minghe4 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 21-28.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.04 Abstract （175）      PDF（pc） （4204KB）（29）       Knowledge map    Save In order to fill the gap in patent analysis of suction bucket foundation technology in China， this article analyzes the overall development trend， patent types and effectiveness， technology development stages， regional distribution， innovation entities， and hot areas of patent technology by using the method of bibliometrics that based on relevant patent data. The analysis results show that the patent technology of suction bucket foundation in China is in a rapid growth stage， with a high proportion of effective patents and nearly 60% of invention patents. The patent application areas are mainly concentrated in economically developed coastal areas， and the overall trend of regional development is from north to south. The proportion of enterprises among applicants is the highest， and hot technology fields are highly concentrated. In the future， the development of patent technology in China should focus on improving patent quality， balancing regional development， improving the cooperation of industryuniversityacademy， expanding the application fields of technology， and improving the rationality of technology field layout. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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3D Enhanced Imaging Technology for Offshore Wind Power Pile Foundation HU Guofeng, DOU Qiwei Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (3): 42-48.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.03.07 Abstract （110）      PDF（pc） （6247KB）（27）       Knowledge map    Save The detection of offshore wind power pile foundation by image sonar is an important means for the healthy operation and maintenance of offshore wind farms. In response to the significant issues of coarseness and discreteness in imaging caused by the sparsity of 3D imaging sonar data, image processing techniques such as SOR filtering and Poisson surface reconstruction are applied to optimize the 3D imaging of Echo Scope sonar. The method involves detecting and removing outliers based on local area definition, statistical information calculation, and threshold selection. By dividing the spatial grid and solving the Poisson equation to extract isosurfaces, the method reconstructs surfaces from discrete data, achieving refined monitoring of underwater pile foundations. Experimental results show that this technique can enhance the density and smoothness of sonar imaging of underwater pile foundations. The integration of elevation information with enhanced display technology differentiates visual ambiguities and significantly improves imaging results. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Key Technology of Monpile Foundation Installation in Offshore Wind Farms ZHANG Jianxiang, SONG Yunfeng, LU peng Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 117-124.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.18 Abstract （203）      PDF（pc） （9251KB）（27）       Knowledge map    Save In light of the rapid development of offshore wind power， more economically efficient construction techniques are required. Traditional heavy-duty maritime cranes in construction face high costs and significant risks. On the other hand， the balloon-assisted floatation technology， with its low cost， ease of operation， and ability to reduce crane loads， presents itself as a potential alternative. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the theoretical foundation， technological design， and advantages of balloon-assisted floatation technology， elucidating its potential application prospects in offshore wind turbine single pile foundation construction. Research has shown that the balloon-assisted buoyancy technology offers significant advantages in terms of enhancing construction efficiency， reducing costs， and minimizing environmental impact. It is poised for broad applications in the offshore wind sector in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Structural Design and Strength Check of Lunar Pool Centralizer of Ocean Drilling Vessel Under Complex Working Conditions ZHANG Tianwei1, 2, PANG Zhaoyu1, 2, ZHAO Yuhang3, DAI Shenghui3 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (3): 22-30.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.03.04 Abstract （131）      PDF（pc） （9407KB）（24）       Knowledge map    Save Shallow gas geological disasters are very easy to induce shallow drilling accidents, which seriously affect the safety of deep water drilling operations. For some shallow gas reservoirs, active blowout of shallow gas through drilling pilot holes can provide guarantee for deep water economic and efficient drilling. Based on the multiphase flow surface tracking technology and turbulence model, a finite element numerical model of deep-water shallow gas active blowout is constructed. The model considers the influence of the size of the blowout channel and the physical properties of the shallow gas reservoir on the blowout process, which can more accurately simulate the whole process of shallow gas blowout. The simulation results show that the initial gas reservoir pressure increases from 20.2MPa to 20.8MPa, and the shallow gas blowout efficiency increases from 75.4% to 84.9%. The size of the guide hole is increased from 812″ to 1214″, and the release degree of shallow gas is increased from 80.9% to 90.7%. The simulation results are in good agreement with the actual observation data, and the error of the calculated value of the maximum escape height is 2.5%. The research results provide theoretical guidance for similar shallow gas active blowout projects in deep water drilling operations in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Multibody Coupled Dynamics Analysis of the Dual Vessel Float-over Method for Wind Turbine Installation System ZHANG Ningbo1, AN Chen1, ZHAO Tianfeng1, GAO Songlin1, NI Haocheng1, ZHOU Zhenyu2 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 58-66.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.10 Abstract （182）      PDF（pc） （7736KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save In order to deal with the vibration and stress of key components caused by ship movement when installing wind turbines on double-ship float supports， this paper proposes a rigid-flexible coupling multi-body dynamics analysis method for load transfer during wind turbine installation. A rigid-flexible coupled multi-body dynamic model for the twinbarge float-over wind turbine installation was developed， considering the elastic deformation of key components and its impact on the overall system. Dynamic analysis of the installation and docking process of the wind turbine and foundation was performed， calculating acceleration and stress curves of the wind turbine and key components under various working conditions. The dynamic stress results and vibration characteristics were investigated， revealing that changes in the twin-barge motion period significantly affect the variation pattern of the wind turbine's stress curve. This study provides a theoretical basis for the structural design of the twin-barge float-over wind turbine installation system， contributing to improved stability and safety during the installation process. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Hydrodynamic Study on the Probes of Expendable Bathythermograph HUANG Heyuan1, QIU Jiangliang1, LI Zhongsheng1, LIU Jinjian2 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 67-74.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.11 Abstract （139）      PDF（pc） （5707KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save The expendable bathythermograph (XBT) is capable of measuring hydrological data across ocean depth profiles， so the precision of the XBT probe's operational depth is crucial to the system's accuracy. Based on nonlinear hydrodynamic theory and integrated with large-eddy simulation methods， this paper establishes a scaled three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical model and nonlinear hydrodynamic motion equations. Through numerical analysis of the probe's external flow field characteristics， the drag coefficient is extracted and utilized as a boundary condition to solve for the solution which can estimate the motion depth. Experiments conducted to verify the accuracy of the motion depth estimated. The results reveal that the error in the drag coefficient calculated by the numerical model is less than 4.39%. The drag on the XBT probe originates from the stagnation zone at the head and the adverse pressure gradient flow in the middle section. Using the drag coefficient as a boundary condition， the second-order differential motion equation， known as the nonlinear falling equation (FRE)， can be derived. The hyperbolic arctangent analytical solution of the FRE exhibits a maximum velocity deviation of 6.2% and a distance deviation of 3.2% compared to experimentally measured values. This methodology provides accurate speed and depth references for the design and engineering application of XBT probes， laying a foundation for the digital integration of this type of product and enhancing the accuracy of depth calibration. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Application Risk and Control Measures of S420 Ultra High Strength Steel in Deep Water Jacket WANG Huoping, LUN Yuguo, WANG Deyang, XIAO Wangsui, PENG Yijin Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 47-52.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.08 Abstract （201）      PDF（pc） （2510KB）（21）       Knowledge map    Save n Branch, CNOOC， Shenzhen 257237， Guangzhou China) Abstract Liuhua 11-1 jacket is the deepest deepwater jacket in Asia at present. Compared with shallow water jacket， Liuhua 11-1 jacket has the characteristics of high design risk， long construction cycle， high steel production technology and difficulty in welding. This paper will study the production process of S420 super-strength steel， jacket design risk， construction risk， dynamic performance， welding quality control measures and other aspects， so as to provide reference for similar deepwater jacket project management and control in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on Wind and Wave Influence Characteristics of Cylindrical FPSO ORGREEN Sulfur Recovery System Based on CFD Simulation Chen Jinfu1, Song Chengju2 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (3): 84-88.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.03.13 Abstract （112）      PDF（pc） （3298KB）（17）       Knowledge map    Save With the in-depth development of deep-sea oil and gas fields in recent years, there are more and more H2S-containing oil and gas. Considering the requirements of health of production personnel, environmental protection and corrosion protection of facilities, it is imperative to deal with H2S. The relevant system and process have not been used in domestic offshore facilities before, and the reliability and adaptability need to be verified, especially in cylindrical FPSO with random shaking direction.  The OR-GREEN sulfur recovery system was used for the first time in a cylindrical FPSO. In the case of strong wind and waves at sea and severe swaying of FPSO, the oil-gas treatment reactor of OR-GREEN sulfur recovery system will also sway, which may cause the gas-liquid two-phase flow bias in the reactor, affect the reaction and mass transfer time, and further affect the effect of natural gas desulfurization treatment. In this paper, the gas-liquid two-phase flow in a reactor under wind and wave conditions is simulated by Ansys Fluent software. Through simulation, it is verified that the designed structure will not affect the normal operation of the system under the once-a-year wind and wave conditions, and the designed OR-GREEN system can resist the once-a-year wind and wave conditions. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Analysis and Application of Non-Slide Construction and Loading Technology for Offshore Platform Jacket MA Deqiang, LUO Chao, WU Binbin, WEN Cai, JIANG Lei Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 85-88.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.13 Abstract （144）      PDF（pc） （3552KB）（15）       Knowledge map    Save The feasibility of non slide horizontal construction and loading in the construction technology of jacket is discussed. A comparative study was conducted on the processes of slide construction and non slide construction， as well as the loading of Self-Propelled Modular Transporter and towed loading. Taking a certain jacket of Panyu as an example， this paper elaborates in detail on the construction process and key technologies of jacket and loading. The paper provides standardized processes and design processes for subsequent non slide construction projects of jacket structures， to improve the utilization rate of construction sites. It will play an important role in standardizing the construction of subsequent projects and building a maritime power. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and Construction of Aircraft Carrier Teaching Experimental Platform Based on the Fujian Ship ZHANG Shutian, XIE Yifan, GUO Sihang, LIANG Zhenjie, ZHANG Yining, ZHANG Dapeng Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 9-18.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.02 Abstract （51）      PDF（pc） （8170KB）（15）       Knowledge map    Save The construction of small-scale aircraft carrier models is an engineering project that is totally complex yet locally simple. The completed model should possess structural and hydrodynamic performance characteristics similar to those of a real aircraft carrier， which poses significant challenges to undergraduate-level designers and builders. This project takes the Chinese Navy’s Type 003 aircraft carrier， the Fujian ship， as the prototype to design and construct an aircraft carrier teaching experimental platform. The scale ratio between the model ship and the actual vessel is approximately 1∶144. This work is of great significance for the popularization of science in ocean engineering. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Introduction to Ship Model Making： Taking Type 903A Composite Supply Ship as an Example XIE Yifan, ZHANG Shutian, GUO Sihang, LIANG Zhenjie, ZHANG Yining, ZHANG Dapeng Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 19-27.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.03 Abstract （53）      PDF（pc） （14008KB）（15）       Knowledge map    Save Cultivating marine engineering talents is crucial to advancing the vision of building a strong maritime nation. Ship modelling plays an essential role in marine engineering education by bridging theoretical knowledge and practical application. This paper aims to popularize and promote the foundational concepts of marine engineering and the techniques of ship model construction. Using the 903A; composite supply ship as a case study， the paper provides a detailed walkthrough of the model making process， including 3D design and physical construction. The insights presented are valuable for enhancing the accessibility and understanding of marine engineering concepts， contributing to the discipline's broader dissemination and educational impact. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design of Steel Skid Way Block Used in Slippage Load-Out Process for Large Deepwater Jacket Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 45-52.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.06 Abstract （42）      PDF（pc） （6452KB）（15）       Knowledge map    Save The development trend of jackets toward large scale and deep water is accompanied by higher load-out difficulties， which poses severe challenges to the performance of slide way blocks located at the quay front. The traditional concrete slide way block is difficult to meet the strength demand， and it needs to be replaced by a steel slide way block with better mechanical properties. This paper takes the deep water jacket project “Haiji-1” as an example， systematically expounds the design process of steel skid way blocks for jacket slippage load-out from the aspects of mechanical model， working condition decomposition， strength check and optimization method. The methodology of theoretical calculations combined with numerical simulations is used for the strength check and optimization of the steel slideway blocks in different stress states. The results show that the load-out start state of the jacket is the most dangerous stress state， which needs to be paid more attention to. The pouring of concrete in the cavity at the front of the steel slide way block can effectively reduce the stress concentration of the internal structure and improve the reliability of the structure. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Motion Prediction of Marine Vehicles Based on Cascaded Filter and Error-Triggered Support Vector Regression ZHONG Yiming1, YU Caoyang1, 2, XIANG Xianbo2, 3, LIAN Lian1, 4 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 133-140.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.18 Abstract （54）      PDF（pc） （3824KB）（14）       Knowledge map    Save To tackle the challenges that complex and dynamic environments impose on motion prediction of marine vehicles， an intelligent prediction system integrating cascaded filter with error-triggered support vector regression （ETSVR） is proposed in this paper. Firstly， the system employs a moving average filter for preprocessing raw data， effectively eliminating outliers and high-frequency noise to establish a high-quality dataset for the following prediction. Subsequently， a second-order extended Kalman filter is incorporated for precise state estimation， further enhancing the data stability and reliability. Finally， the ETSVR algorithm works on the processed high-quality dataset to build an accurate motion prediction model for marine vehicles， with an error-triggered mechanism designed to improve the system's real-time performance and computational efficiency. Experimental results based on lake tests demonstrate that the proposed intelligent motion prediction system significantly outperforms traditional linear regression （LR） across various error metrics. For instance， in lateral velocity prediction， the mean squared error is reduced by approximately 53.2% compared to LR， while in yaw rate prediction， the maximum error decreases by around 58.2%. These results indicate that the proposed cascaded filter and ETSVR-based prediction system substantially improves the accuracy of motion prediction in complex unknown environments， highlighting its promising potential and significance. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Design and Application of Step-by-step Retractable Beam System in Monopile Installation GUO Xiaoliang1, ZHANG Xiaodong2, ZHANG Mingming2, TANG Yong2, CUI Wentao1, CHEN Chong1 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (3): 63-68.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.03.10 Abstract （151）      PDF（pc） （5101KB）（13）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, starting from the existing problems in the pile holding system of monopile holding equipment, the small stroke problem of the thrust cylinder is successfully solved through the design of the first generation step-by-step retractable beam system. Through the design of the second generation step-by-step retractable beam system, the composition of the first generation system is simplified, and the problem of thrust cylinder direct contact with the monopile is solved, which fundamentally solves the problem of possible damage of the thrust cylinder, and greatly improves the reliability of the system. Finally, the successful application of the step-by-step retractable beam system in practical engineering further verifies the reliability of the design. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Construction Technology of YJQZ Offshore WindPower Foundation Steel Pipe Pile Sinking ZHAO Kaiqiang, ZHENG Jiang, SUN Yuliang, XIE Weimin, LIU Guosheng Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 127-132.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.17 Abstract （47）      PDF（pc） （2232KB）（11）       Knowledge map    Save As an important construction process in offshore wind farms， the construction of foundation steel pipe piles is difficult and requires high standards. This article aims to study the construction technology of steel pipe pile sinking for offshore wind power foundation， so as to improve construction efficiency and reduce construction costs. In-depth exploration and research were conducted on the key points of pile sinking construction technology， including measures to tackle difficult points and the construction process of foundation steel pipe piles. The research results show that using the Haili formula during the YC130 hydraulic hammer hammering process can greatly reduce the errors caused by manually determining parameters during pile sinking. According to the force analysis of steel pipe pile lifting engineering， lifting should be carried out during the appropriate window period to meet the requirements of lifting power coefficient. Optimizing the design of the foundation steel pipe pile and adopting advanced construction technology can significantly improve construction efficiency and reduce construction costs. The research results of this article provide useful technical guidance and theoretical support for the construction of offshore wind power foundation steel pipe piles， and lay the foundation for subsequent related research. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Simulation Test of Multi-Diameter Pig Based on a Subsea Pipeline in a Gas Field in the South China Sea CAO Juhang, ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Jie, DENG Chiyu, GAO Lei, LI Jian, CHEN Juan, LONG Xiaopin, YU Yuanfang, JIANG Bingbing Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 28-36.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.04 Abstract （43）      PDF（pc） （8631KB）（11）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the background of a reducing subsea pipeline in a gas field located in the South China Sea， a multi-diameter pig with a reducing rate of 59% is designed， and its passing performance， wear resistance and dewatering performance are analyzed. A test pipeline is designed to simulate the actual reducing subsea pipeline system. Based on the test pipeline， using fresh water as the driving medium， the passing performance of the multi-diameter pig in the pipeline with a reducing rate of 59% is verified. The multi-diameter pig has a uniform fold shape on the sealing plate in the 20.32cm pipeline， and its operating pressure is up to 4×105Pa （gauge pressure）， which meets the actual use requirements. Using compressed air as the driving medium， the dewatering performance of the multi-diameter pig is studied. The operating pressure of the multi-diameter pig running from an 20.32cm pipeline to a 30.48cm pipeline is higher than that of the pig running from a 30.48cm pipeline to an 20.32cm pipeline， but the dewatering performance in the former case is better than that in the latter case. The multi-diameter pig after simulation test will be applied to the dewatering of a subsea reducing pipeline in a gas field in the South China Sea. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research and Application of Solid Insulated Switchgear on Offshore Platform LI Tingting, WANG Xiaozhi, WANG Aiwu, WANG Jing, LI Xialing Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 53-57.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.09 Abstract （141）      PDF（pc） （4429KB）（10）       Knowledge map    Save According to the miniaturization requirements of medium voltage switchgear on offshore platforms， based on the solid insulated switchgear technology， a series of removable products suitable for offshore oil and gas field environment are developed. This paper introduces the technical parameters， overall scheme and key technologies of this kind of products in detail. Through type test and third-party certification， the product can fully meet the needs of offshore oil and gas fields， and provide a new mediumvoltage switchgear solution for the miniaturization and lightweight design of marginal oil fields， modified expansion platforms， deep-water floating platforms， etc. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Domestically Produced Transformation and Application of Expansion Compressor Rotor Assembly LI Jiucheng Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 36-40.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.06 Abstract （198）      PDF（pc） （5386KB）（9）       Knowledge map    Save Natural gas expansion compressor is the key equipment of natural gas terminal expansion refrigeration process， which plays a vital role in the recovery rate of natural gas byproducts. At present， all natural gas processing terminals use imported expansion compressor sets， but the imported compressor sets have large investment and high maintenance and spare parts costs in the later stage due to technical constraints. Two imported expansion compressors (1.2 million cubic meters/day) that have been used for many years and have frequent failures have been reformed domestically in a onshore terminal of Bohai oil and gas field. The localization transformation of expansion compressor rotor assembly mainly includes expansion end impeller， compression end impeller， main shaft， bearing， diaphragm shaft seal， connecting key and other auxiliary parts. For the first time， the rotor assembly of the imported expansion compressor of natural gas onshore terminal in Bohai area was localized， and the spare parts of the unit did not depend on imports， which was completely independently developed and produced in China. The supply channels were smooth， and the required maintenance spare parts could be purchased in the shortest time， and the technical core parameters were controlled to shorten the maintenance cycle， saving the later maintenance time and cost. The comparison results show that the field application effect of domestic unit parts is good， the unit has been running continuously for 78，840 hours without abnormality， and its performance far exceeds the service life of imported parts， which provides a good reference for similar projects of natural gas expansion refrigeration. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application of Port Electronic Fence Recognition Based on Deep Learning SUN Jiazhe, ZOU Ying Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 87-93.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.12 Abstract （37）      PDF（pc） （7249KB）（6）       Knowledge map    Save In automated container terminals， automated intelligent vehicles （AIVs） replace traditional internal container trucks， transporting cargo between the quay and yard areas. A significant challenge faced by AIVs in this process is the proactive identification of various obstacles within the port environment. This paper proposes an obstacle detection approach for port AIV operational scenarios based on deep learning， submitting the identified information to the intelligent electronic container system for subsequent dispatch planning. In laboratory scenarios， the deep learning approach achieves a 95% accuracy rate in recognition. In actual port application scenarios， it attains an identification rate of over 90%， and has been put into practical use. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）