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Overview of the Development and Design of Dynamic Cable for Floating Offshore Wind Power in China LIN Zeyin, WANG Yibing, LI Dongsheng Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 41-46.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.07 Abstract （383）      PDF（pc） （2023KB）（1157）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the global offshore wind power has developed rapidly. As nearshore resources become increasingly scarce, offshore wind power has gradually moved to the deeper sea. To accommodate the dynamic characteristics of floating wind turbines, floating platforms must be supported by dynamic cables. This is a comprehensive cable of transmitting electricity and control signals, with constantly changing position and force status, which can withstand the combined effect of wind, wave, current and other natural environment, to ensure the effective transmission of power and monitoring signals. Compared with foreign industries, Chinas dynamic cable industry started later, with the harsh working conditions and the lack of relevant technology. All these factors restrict the progress of the dynamic cable industry. This paper will provide a detailed introduction to the basic principles, current development status, key technologies, and challenges faced by floating wind turbine dynamic cables, summarizing the latest industry information and technology to support the development of Chinas dynamic cable industry. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Influence of Sea Condition on Tracking Accuracy and Control Energy Consumption of Unmanned Surface Vessels under Straight Line Navigation YONG Jiuqin1, 2, XUE Zhentao1, 2, CHEN Li1, 2 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 103-109.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.16 Abstract （310）      PDF（pc） （2226KB）（837）       Knowledge map    Save Adaptability to various sea conditions is vital to unmanned surface vessels (USVs). This paper aims to reveal influence of sea conditions on tracking performance. The USV controlled by PID tuned for the baseline sea condition is studied. A three degree of freedom dynamic model is built， and a new evaluation index of control energy consumption accounting for propeller propulsion and steering mechanism operation is designed other than the conventional tracking accuracy. Simulation results demonstrate the variation trend of the tracking accuracy and control energy consumption with sea conditions under the typical straight line navigation case. The performance is significantly affected under high sea conditions， with root mean square error increasing 188 times up to 158.207m and control energy consumption increasing 3 times up to 46.916 kWh. The quantification of the tracking accuracy and control energy consumption with sea conditions provides reference for the design and control of USVs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and Analysis of Mooring System for Hexagonal Floating Photovoltaic Platform SUN Jiayang, CUI Yutao, REN Tie, WANG Yihou Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 29-35.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.05 Abstract （434）      PDF（pc） （9090KB）（430）       Knowledge map    Save Floating photovoltaic platforms， recognized as the most promising technological development direction in the industry， have advantages such as wide application scenarios and low environmental pollution. Their development is of great significance for the development and utilization of offshore solar energy. However， the research on floating photovoltaic platforms in China started relatively late and is still in the empirical stage. As a positioning system for floating photovoltaic platforms， mooring systems can ensure stable operation under extreme sea conditions. Therefore， the design and selection analysis of mooring systems have important research value. This article compares the scattering mooring and group mooring forms of a floating photovoltaic platform in the waters of China， and explores the motion response characteristics and mooring line tension characteristics of different mooring forms of photovoltaic platforms under extreme sea conditions. The research results can provide reference for the reasonable selection and design of photovoltaic platform mooring systems. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anomaly Detection of Environmental Features Based on LSTM-Reconstructed Data ZHOU Lei1, SU Xin2, ZHANG Qi2, HUANG Yi2 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 1-7.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.01 Abstract （267）      PDF（pc） （5649KB）（420）       Knowledge map    Save With the advancement of environmental monitoring technologies， accurately identifying anomalies in data has become a crucial challenge. This study introduces a method combining Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and Random Forest models for predicting and reconstructing environmental feature data， thereby enabling effective anomaly monitoring. Initially， the LSTM model is used to forecast time series data for environmental features such as wind speed and direction. Subsequently， these forecasts are used as inputs to apply a Random Forest model for predicting axial force. The research indicates that by reconstructing features， the accuracy of axial force predictions can be significantly enhanced compared to direct anomaly detection methods. The R2 values， Mean Absolute Error (MAE)， and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) for data with reconstructed features surpass those for data with original features. Particularly， the improvement from an R2 value of 0.921 to 0.956 underscores a significant enhancement in the model's data fitting capability. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on AUV Path Planning Method Based on Deep Sea Multi-Target Search Mission XU Chunhui1, 2, ZHOU Shihao1, 2, 4, QI Yu1, 2, FANG Tian1, 2, 3, YANG Shilin1, 2, 3 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 95-102.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.15 Abstract （299）      PDF（pc） （4652KB）（392）       Knowledge map    Save Autonomous underwater robots (AUVs) can perform tasks such as resource exploration and target search in deep sea areas. At offshore sites, we often face the need to quickly respond to mission deployment and conduct path planning for AUV search and mapping missions. This paper proposes an AUV multi-target search method that clusters first and then searches in the AUV multi-suspect target point search task. It performs K-means clustering on multiple target points in the large-scale sea area to be measured to form multiple target points to be tested. The measurement area reduces the search for non-target areas and ensures higher search efficiency when the AUV carries limited energy; the comb path scheme is implemented in multiple areas to be measured to form an AUV search path in multiple areas. An AUV multi-target clustering search software based on Tkinter was developed to implement the method proposed in this article through visual interactive tools, solving the problems of time-consuming and error-prone manual planning and improving the efficiency of AUV deployment. Finally, We compare the length of AUV paths between different cluster numbers to determine the feasibility and application value of this method. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and Optimization of Impeller for Underwater Helico-axial Multiphase Pump LIU Yibo1, BI Yuqin1, MA Qiang2, 3, XIAO Huaping1, LIU Shuhai1 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 14-20.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.03 Abstract （382）      PDF（pc） （2410KB）（293）       Knowledge map    Save As a key equipment in underwater pressurization technology， the underwater helical axial flow mixing pump is widely used in the development of offshore oil and gas fields. How to further enhance its pressurization performance has attracted the attention of researchers. This study adopts a method combining orthogonal experimental design and numerical simulation to optimize 5 key structural parameters of the helical axial flow pump impeller， aiming to improve the pressurization performance of the mixing pump. Using Fluent software and the standard SST k-ω turbulence model， numerical simulations are conducted on a singlestage compression unit of a helical axial flow pump with an impeller shaft diameter of 350 mm. The influence of five different structural parameters of the impeller on the pressurization performance is studied， and the optimal parameter combination is determined. The results show that under the operating conditions of a flow rate of 500 m3/h and a speed of 4500 r/min， the pressurization performance is optimal for a compression unit with three blades， a blade wrap angle of 130°， a blade thickness of 6 mm， and inlet and outlet angles of 6°， achieving 2.02 MPa， which is a 22% improvement in pressurization compared to the initial structure. Finally， numerical simulations are carried out on the optimized threestage mixing pump impeller under different operating conditions to predict the pressurization effect. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of underwater helical axial flow mixing pumps. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploration of Underwater Storage Facilities Application Scenarios CAI Wenjuan, CAO Pengwei, ZHAO Ming, ZHOU Qi Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 125-130.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.19 Abstract （332）      PDF（pc） （4331KB）（290）       Knowledge map    Save Underwater storage facilities， leveraging oil-water displacement technology， serve as independent storage units that provide diversified media storage at sea and are essential for the development and utilization of marine energy. This paper analyzes five potential application scenarios for future underwater storage facilities， including the development of marginal oil fields in shallow waters， underwater energy storage technology， underwater methanol and ammonia storage technology， underwater carbon dioxide storage technology， and the storage and injection technology of chemical reagents on the seabed. In marginal oil fields， a combined approach using an integrated processing platform， underwater storage facilities， and shuttle tankers can enhance cost adaptability and the flexibility of storage capacity customization. Underwater energy storage technology (underwater compressed air energy storage and underwater hydrogen storage) is provided for offshore wind platforms to ensure the stability of power transmission and reduce the limitations of storage space on the platform. Offshore wind power can also be converted into methanol and ammonia， by adopting underwater storage solutions. The storage units on the platform can be canceled， thereby reducing overall investment. By installing LCO2 storage facilities underwater instead of storing it on the injection platform， the efficiency of LCO2 storage and its environmental adaptability can be improved. The use of seabed chemical reagent storage and injection technology significantly enhances the safety， cost-effectiveness， and injection accuracy of the chemical reagent system. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and Application of the End-up System for the Suction Bucket Jacket WANG Shuai, YANG Guangjuan, WANG Xiaobin, HUANG Guilang, FAN Weiwei Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 110-116.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.17 Abstract （253）      PDF（pc） （8455KB）（207）       Knowledge map    Save In response to the rapid development of offshore wind power equipment construction， relying on the existing suction bucket jacket construction project， this paper compares and analyzes the characteristics and performance of existing jacket hoisting technology， and innovatively designs a jacket end-up system according to project requirements， which is used for the vertical work of a 1400t jacket. The article analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the flipping system with traditional cranes， and uses finite element software to analyze the overall strength and stability of the end-up system. This system has been successfully applied in practical engineering， successfully end-up 50 sets of suction bucket jacket， proving the reliability and safety of the system， and providing the latest technical reference for the construction and installation of offshore wind power suction bucket jacket. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Wave Slamming Impact on the Launching of Underwater Data Cabin XU Aijin Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 89-94.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.14 Abstract （227）      PDF（pc） （7319KB）（158）       Knowledge map    Save In the process of subsea manifold hoisting and lowering， when the ship-cable-body multi-body coupling system moves greatly due to strong nonlinear environmental load， the cables of the hoisting system will change rapidly from slack to tensioning， resulting in the instantaneous surge of mooring impact tension， which may endanger the safe operation of the system. This article simulates the launching process of the underwater data center through fully coupled dynamic time-domain simulation. It considers the motion of ships and the effects of wind， waves， currents， and wave slamming， especially the impact of waves on the underwater data center when it first enters the water. Sensitivity analysis is conducted on the key parameters of wave slamming， accurately predicting the acceleration and six degrees of freedom of the data center when it enters the water， ensuring the smooth and safe entry of the underwater data center into the water. The research results provide certain theoretical and technical references for the design and offshore installation of underwater data centers in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Development of Suction Bucket Foundation Technology in China Based on Patent Analysis MA Tianchi1, ZHENG Yuan2, NIU Guoxu3, CAO Minghe4 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 21-28.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.04 Abstract （239）      PDF（pc） （4204KB）（156）       Knowledge map    Save In order to fill the gap in patent analysis of suction bucket foundation technology in China， this article analyzes the overall development trend， patent types and effectiveness， technology development stages， regional distribution， innovation entities， and hot areas of patent technology by using the method of bibliometrics that based on relevant patent data. The analysis results show that the patent technology of suction bucket foundation in China is in a rapid growth stage， with a high proportion of effective patents and nearly 60% of invention patents. The patent application areas are mainly concentrated in economically developed coastal areas， and the overall trend of regional development is from north to south. The proportion of enterprises among applicants is the highest， and hot technology fields are highly concentrated. In the future， the development of patent technology in China should focus on improving patent quality， balancing regional development， improving the cooperation of industryuniversityacademy， expanding the application fields of technology， and improving the rationality of technology field layout. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Experimental Study on Platform Vortex Induced Motion Considering Wave Current Coupling Effect TANG Qianyu Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 75-84.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.12 Abstract （217）      PDF（pc） （5727KB）（144）       Knowledge map    Save In order to further investigate the vortex motion response of the platform under wave-current coupling， this study conducted vortex motion tests of the platform under wave-current coupling for a deepwater semi-submersible production， storage and offloading platform in the Lingshui 17-2 gas field in the northern part of the South China Sea， which is planned to be developed by the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC). The objective of the study is to characterize and quantify the vortex-excited motion response of the semi-submersible platform under different flow velocities， flow angles， and the presence or absence of wave action， in order to provide design inputs for the fatigue analysis of risers and moorings. We fabricated a 1∶60 scaled-down model of the semi-submersible platform， simulated purely homogeneous flow and wave-coupled environmental conditions through a towed pool， and tested the static stiffness， intrinsic period， and six-degree-of-freedom kinematic response of the platform. The results show that the vortex-excited motions of the semi-submersible platform are mainly characterized by transverse and longitudinal motions in the horizontal plane and first sway， with the transverse motion response being the most significant. Under the effect of uniform flow， the amplitude of transverse motion response at 45° flow angle is larger than that at 0° flow angle， and it reaches the maximum in the interval of folding speed from 5 to 7. The additional damping device effectively reduces the kinematic response， especially at 45° flow angle. The presence of waves has a weakening effect on the vortex-excited motion amplitude， which is especially significant at folding velocities close to 7. In addition， the experiments also observed that the longitudinal and first-swing motions exhibited different characteristics from those under uniform flow. The significance of this study is to provide important engineering data and theoretical support for the design of semi-submersible platforms in deep-sea oil and gas development， which can help to optimize the design of riser and mooring systems and ensure the safe and stable operation of the platforms in complex marine environments. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Multibody Coupled Dynamics Analysis of the Dual Vessel Float-over Method for Wind Turbine Installation System ZHANG Ningbo1, AN Chen1, ZHAO Tianfeng1, GAO Songlin1, NI Haocheng1, ZHOU Zhenyu2 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 58-66.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.10 Abstract （276）      PDF（pc） （7736KB）（142）       Knowledge map    Save In order to deal with the vibration and stress of key components caused by ship movement when installing wind turbines on double-ship float supports， this paper proposes a rigid-flexible coupling multi-body dynamics analysis method for load transfer during wind turbine installation. A rigid-flexible coupled multi-body dynamic model for the twinbarge float-over wind turbine installation was developed， considering the elastic deformation of key components and its impact on the overall system. Dynamic analysis of the installation and docking process of the wind turbine and foundation was performed， calculating acceleration and stress curves of the wind turbine and key components under various working conditions. The dynamic stress results and vibration characteristics were investigated， revealing that changes in the twin-barge motion period significantly affect the variation pattern of the wind turbine's stress curve. This study provides a theoretical basis for the structural design of the twin-barge float-over wind turbine installation system， contributing to improved stability and safety during the installation process. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Development and Performance Test of Chemical Injection Metering Valve Calibration Loop JIANG Donglei1, MA Xiaowei2, 3, ZENG Chunmin1, LI Fengqing3, LI Wentuo1, ZHANG Xiaodong3, JIA Juncai1 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 8-13.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.02 Abstract （288）      PDF（pc） （5181KB）（140）       Knowledge map    Save Chemicals such as methanol and ethylene glycol can prevent the formation of hydrates， waxing and scaling within subsea production systems， playing a crucial role in flow assurance. Subsea Chemical Injection Metering Valve (CIMV) is used to control and measure the injected chemicals into subsea production systems. It aids in achieving precise ondemand injection as well as cost reduction and efficiency increase. The structure and measurement principle of CIMV differ significantly from conventional flow meters， hence rigorous calibration is required to ensure the measurement accuracy meeting the design requirements. Based on the product characteristics of CIMV， this paper introduces the design and construction of the first domestic CIMV calibration loop， and discusses how to use this loop to study and build a selfdeveloped CIMV measurement algorithm model. The measurement accuracy of CIMV is verified on this loop， with results as good as ±3% F.S. (Full Scale). This paper provides a valuable reference for the localization of CIMV. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Application Risk and Control Measures of S420 Ultra High Strength Steel in Deep Water Jacket WANG Huoping, LUN Yuguo, WANG Deyang, XIAO Wangsui, PENG Yijin Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 47-52.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.08 Abstract （274）      PDF（pc） （2510KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save n Branch, CNOOC， Shenzhen 257237， Guangzhou China) Abstract Liuhua 11-1 jacket is the deepest deepwater jacket in Asia at present. Compared with shallow water jacket， Liuhua 11-1 jacket has the characteristics of high design risk， long construction cycle， high steel production technology and difficulty in welding. This paper will study the production process of S420 super-strength steel， jacket design risk， construction risk， dynamic performance， welding quality control measures and other aspects， so as to provide reference for similar deepwater jacket project management and control in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Introduction to Ship Model Making：Taking the Adora Magic City Cruise as an Example ZHAO Guanyixuan, ZHANG Shutian, XIE Kexin, LI Yuting, LI Jiaqiang, LI Chengwei, ZHANG Dapeng Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.01 Abstract （186）      PDF（pc） （7656KB）（49）       Knowledge map    Save Since the 18th CPC National Congress， China has made historic achievements in the development of the marine cause， but there are still some gaps compared with the world's maritime powers. The construction of a marine talent team is a key link in building a strong maritime nation. Cultivating marine talents with an international outlook， an innovative spirit and practical ability is an inevitable requirement for building a strong maritime nation. Modelling， as a practical activity integrating science， technology and art， plays a unique role in the training of marine-related talents. By making models of ships and marine platforms， makers are able to intuitively understand the structural principles， design concepts and construction processes of marine equipment， thus cultivating spatial imagination， practical operational ability and engineering thinking. In this article， we will take the production of the model of Adora Magic City; cruise ship as an example， introduce the model production process， and provide science and technology related to ship modeling， simultaneously popularizing knowledge related to ship models. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Key Technology of Monpile Foundation Installation in Offshore Wind Farms ZHANG Jianxiang, SONG Yunfeng, LU peng Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 117-124.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.18 Abstract （335）      PDF（pc） （9251KB）（45）       Knowledge map    Save In light of the rapid development of offshore wind power， more economically efficient construction techniques are required. Traditional heavy-duty maritime cranes in construction face high costs and significant risks. On the other hand， the balloon-assisted floatation technology， with its low cost， ease of operation， and ability to reduce crane loads， presents itself as a potential alternative. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the theoretical foundation， technological design， and advantages of balloon-assisted floatation technology， elucidating its potential application prospects in offshore wind turbine single pile foundation construction. Research has shown that the balloon-assisted buoyancy technology offers significant advantages in terms of enhancing construction efficiency， reducing costs， and minimizing environmental impact. It is poised for broad applications in the offshore wind sector in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review on the Development and Research on Magnetic Flux Leakage Detection Technology LI Bailin Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (2): 179-182.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.02.37 Abstract （115）      PDF（pc） （1490KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection technology， renowned for its high reliability and non-contact detection capabilities， is widely applied in safety detections of petrochemical storage tanks and pipelines. Firstly， the theoretical development and technical principles of MFL detection are introduced. Then， the research status of defect identification， quantitative analysis， and inversion methodologies in MFL technology are explained in detail. Finally， a summary is provided， highlighting the challenges faced by current artificial intelligent methods in this field. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Analysis and Application of Non-Slide Construction and Loading Technology for Offshore Platform Jacket MA Deqiang, LUO Chao, WU Binbin, WEN Cai, JIANG Lei Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 85-88.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.13 Abstract （209）      PDF（pc） （3552KB）（42）       Knowledge map    Save The feasibility of non slide horizontal construction and loading in the construction technology of jacket is discussed. A comparative study was conducted on the processes of slide construction and non slide construction， as well as the loading of Self-Propelled Modular Transporter and towed loading. Taking a certain jacket of Panyu as an example， this paper elaborates in detail on the construction process and key technologies of jacket and loading. The paper provides standardized processes and design processes for subsequent non slide construction projects of jacket structures， to improve the utilization rate of construction sites. It will play an important role in standardizing the construction of subsequent projects and building a maritime power. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Construction Technology of YJQZ Offshore WindPower Foundation Steel Pipe Pile Sinking ZHAO Kaiqiang, ZHENG Jiang, SUN Yuliang, XIE Weimin, LIU Guosheng Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 127-132.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.17 Abstract （180）      PDF（pc） （2232KB）（41）       Knowledge map    Save As an important construction process in offshore wind farms， the construction of foundation steel pipe piles is difficult and requires high standards. This article aims to study the construction technology of steel pipe pile sinking for offshore wind power foundation， so as to improve construction efficiency and reduce construction costs. In-depth exploration and research were conducted on the key points of pile sinking construction technology， including measures to tackle difficult points and the construction process of foundation steel pipe piles. The research results show that using the Haili formula during the YC130 hydraulic hammer hammering process can greatly reduce the errors caused by manually determining parameters during pile sinking. According to the force analysis of steel pipe pile lifting engineering， lifting should be carried out during the appropriate window period to meet the requirements of lifting power coefficient. Optimizing the design of the foundation steel pipe pile and adopting advanced construction technology can significantly improve construction efficiency and reduce construction costs. The research results of this article provide useful technical guidance and theoretical support for the construction of offshore wind power foundation steel pipe piles， and lay the foundation for subsequent related research. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Hydrodynamic Study on the Probes of Expendable Bathythermograph HUANG Heyuan1, QIU Jiangliang1, LI Zhongsheng1, LIU Jinjian2 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 67-74.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.11 Abstract （202）      PDF（pc） （5707KB）（35）       Knowledge map    Save The expendable bathythermograph (XBT) is capable of measuring hydrological data across ocean depth profiles， so the precision of the XBT probe's operational depth is crucial to the system's accuracy. Based on nonlinear hydrodynamic theory and integrated with large-eddy simulation methods， this paper establishes a scaled three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical model and nonlinear hydrodynamic motion equations. Through numerical analysis of the probe's external flow field characteristics， the drag coefficient is extracted and utilized as a boundary condition to solve for the solution which can estimate the motion depth. Experiments conducted to verify the accuracy of the motion depth estimated. The results reveal that the error in the drag coefficient calculated by the numerical model is less than 4.39%. The drag on the XBT probe originates from the stagnation zone at the head and the adverse pressure gradient flow in the middle section. Using the drag coefficient as a boundary condition， the second-order differential motion equation， known as the nonlinear falling equation (FRE)， can be derived. The hyperbolic arctangent analytical solution of the FRE exhibits a maximum velocity deviation of 6.2% and a distance deviation of 3.2% compared to experimentally measured values. This methodology provides accurate speed and depth references for the design and engineering application of XBT probes， laying a foundation for the digital integration of this type of product and enhancing the accuracy of depth calibration. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research and Application of Solid Insulated Switchgear on Offshore Platform LI Tingting, WANG Xiaozhi, WANG Aiwu, WANG Jing, LI Xialing Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 53-57.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.09 Abstract （215）      PDF（pc） （4429KB）（35）       Knowledge map    Save According to the miniaturization requirements of medium voltage switchgear on offshore platforms， based on the solid insulated switchgear technology， a series of removable products suitable for offshore oil and gas field environment are developed. This paper introduces the technical parameters， overall scheme and key technologies of this kind of products in detail. Through type test and third-party certification， the product can fully meet the needs of offshore oil and gas fields， and provide a new mediumvoltage switchgear solution for the miniaturization and lightweight design of marginal oil fields， modified expansion platforms， deep-water floating platforms， etc. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Introduction to Ship Model Making： Taking Type 903A Composite Supply Ship as an Example XIE Yifan, ZHANG Shutian, GUO Sihang, LIANG Zhenjie, ZHANG Yining, ZHANG Dapeng Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 19-27.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.03 Abstract （129）      PDF（pc） （14008KB）（26）       Knowledge map    Save Cultivating marine engineering talents is crucial to advancing the vision of building a strong maritime nation. Ship modelling plays an essential role in marine engineering education by bridging theoretical knowledge and practical application. This paper aims to popularize and promote the foundational concepts of marine engineering and the techniques of ship model construction. Using the 903A; composite supply ship as a case study， the paper provides a detailed walkthrough of the model making process， including 3D design and physical construction. The insights presented are valuable for enhancing the accessibility and understanding of marine engineering concepts， contributing to the discipline's broader dissemination and educational impact. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Motion Prediction of Marine Vehicles Based on Cascaded Filter and Error-Triggered Support Vector Regression ZHONG Yiming1, YU Caoyang1, 2, XIANG Xianbo2, 3, LIAN Lian1, 4 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 133-140.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.18 Abstract （125）      PDF（pc） （3824KB）（26）       Knowledge map    Save To tackle the challenges that complex and dynamic environments impose on motion prediction of marine vehicles， an intelligent prediction system integrating cascaded filter with error-triggered support vector regression （ETSVR） is proposed in this paper. Firstly， the system employs a moving average filter for preprocessing raw data， effectively eliminating outliers and high-frequency noise to establish a high-quality dataset for the following prediction. Subsequently， a second-order extended Kalman filter is incorporated for precise state estimation， further enhancing the data stability and reliability. Finally， the ETSVR algorithm works on the processed high-quality dataset to build an accurate motion prediction model for marine vehicles， with an error-triggered mechanism designed to improve the system's real-time performance and computational efficiency. Experimental results based on lake tests demonstrate that the proposed intelligent motion prediction system significantly outperforms traditional linear regression （LR） across various error metrics. For instance， in lateral velocity prediction， the mean squared error is reduced by approximately 53.2% compared to LR， while in yaw rate prediction， the maximum error decreases by around 58.2%. These results indicate that the proposed cascaded filter and ETSVR-based prediction system substantially improves the accuracy of motion prediction in complex unknown environments， highlighting its promising potential and significance. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mapping the Research Frontiers of Global Marine Engineering (2015-2024): A Journal-Based Knowledge Graph Approach PAN Fei, WANG Xiaolong, CAI Yunze, et al Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (3): 132-144.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.03.18 Abstract （65）      PDF（pc） （3336KB）（25）       Knowledge map    Save Ocean engineering serves as a cornerstone for maritime power strategies and global sustainable development. To systematically reveal the research landscape, innovation entities, and frontier evolution in global ocean engineering, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of 37889 publications from 2015 to 2024 based on the Web of Science Core Collection, employing bibliometric methods and knowledge graph analysis. The findings demonstrate: ① A fundamental shift in the global research center of gravity has occurred, with China emerging as the world's primary innovation contributor across key indicators including publication volume and citation impact—its annual publication share surged from 20.9% in 2015 to 60.1% in 2024; ② Innovation entities exhibit highly clustered characteristics, with leading Chinese universities such as Harbin Engineering University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University monopolizing the top 10 global institutional rankings, forming world-class “academic highlands”; ③ Through keyword co-occurrence and cluster analysis, seven frontier themes were identified, including marine renewable energy development, intelligent autonomous marine systems, highfidelity multi-physics simulation, and marine environmental sensing and data science, revealing that the field is being profoundly reshaped by trends of “intelligentization” “decarbonization” and “high-fidelity modeling”; ④ The journal influence landscape has been restructured, with the Chinese-hosted Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science achieving the highest impact factor (11.8) in the field, though platforms for global dissemination of top-tier research require further expansion. Finally, this study establishes a framework for modern ocean engineering frontiers centered on “sustainable & intelligent ocean engineering” supported by “three foundational pillars” and driven by “four enabling engines”. The research reveals China's historic transition from “follower” to “leader” in ocean engineering, provides researchers with a clear developmental roadmap, and profoundly elucidates the strategic urgency of building world-class scientific journals to secure academic discourse power and enhance national scientific soft power. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design of Steel Skid Way Block Used in Slippage Load-Out Process for Large Deepwater Jacket Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 45-52.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.06 Abstract （103）      PDF（pc） （6452KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save The development trend of jackets toward large scale and deep water is accompanied by higher load-out difficulties， which poses severe challenges to the performance of slide way blocks located at the quay front. The traditional concrete slide way block is difficult to meet the strength demand， and it needs to be replaced by a steel slide way block with better mechanical properties. This paper takes the deep water jacket project “Haiji-1” as an example， systematically expounds the design process of steel skid way blocks for jacket slippage load-out from the aspects of mechanical model， working condition decomposition， strength check and optimization method. The methodology of theoretical calculations combined with numerical simulations is used for the strength check and optimization of the steel slideway blocks in different stress states. The results show that the load-out start state of the jacket is the most dangerous stress state， which needs to be paid more attention to. The pouring of concrete in the cavity at the front of the steel slide way block can effectively reduce the stress concentration of the internal structure and improve the reliability of the structure. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and Construction of Aircraft Carrier Teaching Experimental Platform Based on the Fujian Ship ZHANG Shutian, XIE Yifan, GUO Sihang, LIANG Zhenjie, ZHANG Yining, ZHANG Dapeng Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 9-18.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.02 Abstract （128）      PDF（pc） （8170KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save The construction of small-scale aircraft carrier models is an engineering project that is totally complex yet locally simple. The completed model should possess structural and hydrodynamic performance characteristics similar to those of a real aircraft carrier， which poses significant challenges to undergraduate-level designers and builders. This project takes the Chinese Navy’s Type 003 aircraft carrier， the Fujian ship， as the prototype to design and construct an aircraft carrier teaching experimental platform. The scale ratio between the model ship and the actual vessel is approximately 1∶144. This work is of great significance for the popularization of science in ocean engineering. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Technical Scheme for Methanol Bunkering Ship PENG Cheng, WU Hao, XIA Huabo, YANG Xueli, ZHAO Yunfei, WU Fulong Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (2): 1-7.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.02.01 Abstract （81）      PDF（pc） （4216KB）（21）       Knowledge map    Save In response to the domestic demand for ship to ship methanol refueling operations， the methanol ship to ship refueling market is planned in advance. By conducting research on the construction and renovation of methanol refueling ships， the technical solutions for refueling ships that can cover the vast majority of methanol powered ship refueling needs are reserved to assist in the construction of the methanol international refueling center. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Semi-Floating Construction Operation Method of Offshore Wind Power Jack-Up Installation Vessel ZHANG Jianxiang1, LI Shifei1, TANG Yong2, ZHANG Xiaodong2, ZHANG Mingming2 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 53-60.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.07 Abstract （161）      PDF（pc） （5061KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of global wind power industry， offshore wind power is gradually expanding into deep sea areas， where traditional jack-up platforms are at risk of being phased out due to their inability to operate in deep water and soft muddy seabed environments. The semi-floating construction method combines the advantages of jack-up platforms and floating platforms， significantly expands the operational depth of jack-up platforms， allows them to continue efficient and safe operations in deep water areas and solves the problem of traditional platforms of inability to work in soft muddy seabed environments. The significance of this technology lies in extending the service life of existing jack-up platforms， avoiding their rapid retirement， and achieving “half a generation later retirement”. Through case studies of offshore wind farms in the coastal areas of Zhejiang Province， a detailed discussion of the principles， key technical steps， and actual engineering applications of semi-floating construction technology is provided， a technical comparison between the semi-floating construction method and traditional construction methods is given， and significant advantages of this technology in improving construction efficiency， reducing costs， and ensuring safety are demonstrated. Finally， this paper looks forward to the broad application prospects of semi-floating construction technology in offshore wind power and other marine engineering. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Domestically Produced Transformation and Application of Expansion Compressor Rotor Assembly LI Jiucheng Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2024, 11 (4): 36-40.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2024.04.06 Abstract （314）      PDF（pc） （5386KB）（19）       Knowledge map    Save Natural gas expansion compressor is the key equipment of natural gas terminal expansion refrigeration process， which plays a vital role in the recovery rate of natural gas byproducts. At present， all natural gas processing terminals use imported expansion compressor sets， but the imported compressor sets have large investment and high maintenance and spare parts costs in the later stage due to technical constraints. Two imported expansion compressors (1.2 million cubic meters/day) that have been used for many years and have frequent failures have been reformed domestically in a onshore terminal of Bohai oil and gas field. The localization transformation of expansion compressor rotor assembly mainly includes expansion end impeller， compression end impeller， main shaft， bearing， diaphragm shaft seal， connecting key and other auxiliary parts. For the first time， the rotor assembly of the imported expansion compressor of natural gas onshore terminal in Bohai area was localized， and the spare parts of the unit did not depend on imports， which was completely independently developed and produced in China. The supply channels were smooth， and the required maintenance spare parts could be purchased in the shortest time， and the technical core parameters were controlled to shorten the maintenance cycle， saving the later maintenance time and cost. The comparison results show that the field application effect of domestic unit parts is good， the unit has been running continuously for 78，840 hours without abnormality， and its performance far exceeds the service life of imported parts， which provides a good reference for similar projects of natural gas expansion refrigeration. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design of Ship Model Resistance Experiment Platform SHI Kunpeng, ZHENG Yuxing, TIAN Yutao, et al Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (3): 1-10.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.03.01 Abstract （49）      PDF（pc） （3698KB）（19）       Knowledge map    Save The study of hull resistance is of great significance to the dynamic characteristics of the hull. Currently， there are more than ten large and small towing tank experimental platforms in China. For undergraduate students majoring in marine engineering， studying the resistance characteristics of the hull is of great importance to their professional knowledge learning. However， the construction cost of towing tanks is too high and cannot provide a good platform for undergraduate students to use. An easy-to-implement experimentalplatform construction plan， covering modelship building, platform design and resistance-accuracy verification， offers valuable learning and experimental experience for undergraduates. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Simulation Test of Multi-Diameter Pig Based on a Subsea Pipeline in a Gas Field in the South China Sea CAO Juhang, ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Jie, DENG Chiyu, GAO Lei, LI Jian, CHEN Juan, LONG Xiaopin, YU Yuanfang, JIANG Bingbing Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 28-36.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.04 Abstract （93）      PDF（pc） （8631KB）（18）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the background of a reducing subsea pipeline in a gas field located in the South China Sea， a multi-diameter pig with a reducing rate of 59% is designed， and its passing performance， wear resistance and dewatering performance are analyzed. A test pipeline is designed to simulate the actual reducing subsea pipeline system. Based on the test pipeline， using fresh water as the driving medium， the passing performance of the multi-diameter pig in the pipeline with a reducing rate of 59% is verified. The multi-diameter pig has a uniform fold shape on the sealing plate in the 20.32cm pipeline， and its operating pressure is up to 4×105Pa （gauge pressure）， which meets the actual use requirements. Using compressed air as the driving medium， the dewatering performance of the multi-diameter pig is studied. The operating pressure of the multi-diameter pig running from an 20.32cm pipeline to a 30.48cm pipeline is higher than that of the pig running from a 30.48cm pipeline to an 20.32cm pipeline， but the dewatering performance in the former case is better than that in the latter case. The multi-diameter pig after simulation test will be applied to the dewatering of a subsea reducing pipeline in a gas field in the South China Sea. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Vertical-lay Technology and Application for Ultra-Deep Water Flexible Flowline WANG Zhifeng, XUE Dazhi, FU Wenzhi, et al Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (3): 30-38.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.03.04 Abstract （45）      PDF（pc） （10497KB）（17）       Knowledge map    Save Flexible flowline is an important part of offshore oil and gas development， and its offshore installation is the core ability and key technology of offshore engineering companies. Based on China's first self-developed 1500m ultra-deep water Lingshui 17-2 gas field， and the domestic first 3000m-class deep-water MSV “Hai yang Shi You 286”， the installation feasibility of 1500m water depth flexible flowline by vertical-lay method for “HYSY 286” is evaluated. The key technology and solution of vertical-lay of ultra-deep water flexible flowline are studied. Through the engineering application in Lingshui 17-2 gas field， the feasibility of the relevant technology is verified， and the gap in domestic technology field is filled， and the technical reserve and experience are provided for the installation of deep water flexible flowline in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application of Port Electronic Fence Recognition Based on Deep Learning SUN Jiazhe, ZOU Ying Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 87-93.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.12 Abstract （108）      PDF（pc） （7249KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save In automated container terminals， automated intelligent vehicles （AIVs） replace traditional internal container trucks， transporting cargo between the quay and yard areas. A significant challenge faced by AIVs in this process is the proactive identification of various obstacles within the port environment. This paper proposes an obstacle detection approach for port AIV operational scenarios based on deep learning， submitting the identified information to the intelligent electronic container system for subsequent dispatch planning. In laboratory scenarios， the deep learning approach achieves a 95% accuracy rate in recognition. In actual port application scenarios， it attains an identification rate of over 90%， and has been put into practical use. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anti-Scouring Design Scheme and the Construction for Single Pile Foundation of Offshore Wind Power Projects YU Yi Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 94-99.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.13 Abstract （147）      PDF（pc） （5271KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save For the serious problem of pile foundation erosion in the operation of the single pile foundation of the second phase of the Wailuo Wind Farm， the analysis and research on the causes of pile foundation erosion in the industry are studied， and the principle of single pile foundation erosion is analyzed in combination with the characteristics of the sea conditions in the region. The target position is selected according to the three-dimensional scanning results， and a treatment scheme for the active anti-scouring of honeycomb turbulence is proposed for the target position based on the previous treatment experiences. The technical principles and basic scheme are studied， the basic structural design of the device is completed， and then the project demonstration is implemented. Through the prototype test， it is proved that the honeycomb turbulence active antiscouring device has good feasibility in the anti-scouring protection of offshore wind power single pile foundation， and has certain application reference and promotion value. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Innovation Trajectory and Trends in Offshore Wind Power Transmission： An Integrated Analysis of Bibliometrics and Patent Life Cycle LIAO Peng1, HUANG Xin2, LIAO Xinzheng2 Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (1): 141-152.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.01.19 Abstract （141）      PDF（pc） （12324KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save As a key support for global energy transition， offshore wind power transmission technology plays a crucial role in industrial upgrading and energy security. Based on bibliometric and patent analysis methods， this study systematically examines the technological evolution characteristics in this field from 2000 to 2023. The research reveals that the field has shown exponential growth， with Chinese scholars leading in publication volume but still needing to enhance academic impact. Countries around the North Sea， leveraging their regional collaborative advantages， maintain leadership in core technologies such as high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission. Keyword and patent cluster analysis demonstrates a parallel innovation pattern of traditional technology advancement and emerging technology breakthroughs， with rapid rise in new topics such as energy storage and hydrogen production. Technology maturity analysis indicates that the field is in its growth phase （k≈0.3） and is expected to enter maturity by 2026， with flexible DC transmission and smart grid integration becoming competitive focuses in the next decade. The findings provide decision-making reference for grasping technological development directions and optimizing innovation layout. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and Fabrication of a Compact Brushed Electromagnetic Catapult Based on Halbach Array ZHANG Shutian, GUO Sixing, LI Jiaqiang, et al Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (3): 22-29.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.03.03 Abstract （170）      PDF（pc） （7220KB）（15）       Knowledge map    Save A compact brushed electromagnetic catapult was designed and fabricated， with focused analysis on its operational principle， structural design， and performance parameters. By investigating the electromagnetic driving characteristics of the catapult system， the key factors influencing launch efficiency are explored. Additionally， the advantages of the system in high-precision control and energy conversion efficiency are experimentally validated. The results demonstrate that the proposed electromagnetic catapult exhibits rapid response speed， high reliability， and ease of maintenance. This work provides a reference for the miniaturized design of future electromagnetic catapult systems. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exhibition of Modern Model Making Technology Based on the Model Making of 093 Nuclear Submarine SHOU Hai, TIAN Yutao, ZHANG Shutian, et al Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (3): 11-21.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.03.02 Abstract （50）      PDF（pc） （6851KB）（14）       Knowledge map    Save Taking the 093 model production as a starting point, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of modern model making technologies. Through a detailed elaboration of the production process of 093 nuclear submarine model， including precise digital design using 3D modeling software in the early stage to determine the accurate proportion， suitable size and select appropriate materials， the use of 3D printing technology for rapid prototyping and fine model manufacturing， and the later processing procedures such as surface cleaning， polishing and coating protection， the characteristics and advantages of modern model-making techniques in digitalization， automation， material application and fine processing are comprehensively demonstrated. At the same time， the key role of this technology in improving the efficiency of model production， enhancing the reducibility and precision of models， as well as its application prospects and development trends in the field of model making are discussed， providing a useful reference for in-depth understanding of modern model-making techniques. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Economic Analysis of Green Hydrogen and Its Derivatives Production Technology Based on Offshore Wind Power SHEN Qi, LIU Chao, LI Ouping, et al Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (3): 94-101.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.03.12 Abstract （53）      PDF（pc） （3148KB）（14）       Knowledge map    Save As the global energy structure transforms and the “dual-carbon” goals are set， green hydrogen is gaining importance as a clean energy source in the petroleum refining industry. This study comprehensively assesses the technical and economic viability of producing green hydrogen， methanol， and ammonia using offshore wind power. By calculating the costs of hydrogen production， methanol synthesis， and ammonia synthesis under varying electricity costs， the study analyzes how electricity prices affect the economic viability of green hydrogen and its derivatives. The results indicate that when the electricity cost is 0.35 yuan per unit， the current alkaline electrolysis hydrogen production technology yields a hydrogen cost of 24.66 yuan/kg in the scenario of offshore wind power and onshore hydrogen production， with methanol and ammonia production costs of 5457.55 yuan/ton and 4999.43 yuan/ton， respectively. The study emphasizes that electricity cost is the key factor influencing economic viability. Reducing renewable energy electricity costs and enhancing electrolysis efficiency are crucial for boosting the competitiveness of green hydrogen and its derivatives. Finally， the article proposes suggestions for the coordinated development of policies， technologies， and industries to promote the industrialization of green hydrogen and its derivatives. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Simulation and Experimental Study on Yawing Motion Characteristic for Single-Anchor Mooring Ships CHEN Pengyu, ZHU Yiming, XIE Xiaomin Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (3): 87-93.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.03.11 Abstract （40）      PDF（pc） （6276KB）（13）       Knowledge map    Save The numerical simulation and model test study is conducted on yawing motion characteristic for the 40000 DWT bulk carrier under the combined conditions of wind， wave and current cases. This research analyzed the response of yawing motion and maximum cable tension of anchor chains. Sea condition and length of anchor chains could have influence on them. The test results can provide important technical reference for the safety mooring of single anchored ships. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanical Characteristics of Deepwater Riserless Mud Return Line Under Internal Flow Induced Excitation YIN Zhiming, LI Zhong, WU Di, et al Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2025, 12 (3): 39-50.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2025.03.05 Abstract （34）      PDF（pc） （7734KB）（13）       Knowledge map    Save The mud return line is the key equipment of deepwater riserless drilling system. It is filled with high flow velocity mud， and the mechanical characteristics of mud on the line are not clear. The mechanical model of the mud return line under the combined action of internal and external flow was established by using the microelement method， considering the internal flow inertia force， friction force， centrifugal force and Coriolis force. The numerical model was established by using the finite element method， and the solver developed by Newmark-β method and MATLAB. The single effect and the combined effect of the internal flow force are analyzed， and the influence of mud flow rate， mud density and other factors on the internal flow mechanical characteristics is also studied. The result shows that the inertia force increases the vibration amplitude of the return line， riction decreases the lateral displacement of the return line， centrifugal force and Coriolis force increase the lateral displacement of the return line. The internal flow force has great influence on the return line， and the friction force has the greatest influence on the mud return line. The effects of inertia force， Coriolis force and centrifugal force are small. The effect of internal mud on the return line should be considered in the actual engineering analysis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）