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28 November 2016, Volume 16 Issue 06 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Second Language Processing: Its Topics, Methodology and Relationship with Second Language Acquisition JIANG Nan, FAN Li, QIAO Xiaomei, ZHANG Hui, YANG Feng, WU Shiyu 2016, 16 (06):  1-8.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2016.06.001 Abstract ( 430 )   PDF (1184KB) ( 180 )   This paper provides an overview of the emerging field of second language processing research. It defines what second language processing is, outlines research topics and areas in this field, identifies its methodological approaches, and discusses the relationship between second language processing research and second language acquisition research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Origin and Development of Li Yashu's Thoughts of Science Translation Huang Zhonglian, Sun Qiuhua 2016, 16 (06):  9-12.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2016.06.002 Abstract ( 368 )   PDF (969KB) ( 77 )   Li Yashu's thoughts of science translation are attributed to his extraordinary starting point, multifold expertise and talents, abundant translation practice in several languages, and rich administration experience in translation work and foreign affairs. Initiated in a new era of the fast development of China's sci-tech translation, his thoughts are derived from his studies on sci tech translation and exploration of establishing science translatology, and applied to the practice of translator education and team construction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Online Processing of Focus Information WANG Yuxia, CHANG Hui, CHEN Li 2016, 16 (06):  13-18.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2016.06.003 Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (945KB) ( 85 )   According to the Alternative Semantics, focus is associated with the presence of a focus alternative set. Whether the presence of focus alternatives has any psychological reality, namely the online processing of focus and its alternatives, is the question addressed here. From a psycholinguistic perspective, the study addresses the following four issues: 1) the processing of foci itself, 2) the processing of focus alternatives, 3) the construction model of focus alternatives, and 4) the processing of different focus markers. The study has demonstrated that the processing of focus brings a deeper encoding of the foci itself and enhances the accessibility of focus alternatives in terms of encoding, comprehension and memory. Further efforts are needed to study the real time issues concerning the processing of focus and alternatives, especially its neurocognitive mechanism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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From DESCRIBING to INTERPRETING: On the Two Approaches for MTA—A Comparative Study of MTA with the Systemic functional Semiotic Approach or Cognitive Poetics ZENG Fangben 2016, 16 (06):  19-22.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2016.06.004 Abstract ( 411 )   PDF (680KB) ( 77 )   The systemic functional semiotic approach aims at DESCRIBING the interactive meaning and textual structure resulting from various modes integrated. It is the leading theory and approach for multimodal text analysis(MTA) at present. Cognitive poetics tries to INTERPRETE the textual effect caused by the textual structure. It used to serve literary texts. In fact it is also applicable to MTA. It may serve as a new theory and approach for MTA. This article makes a comparison between the systemic functional Semiotic Approach and cognitive poetics from their theoretical bases, analysis approaches, objectives, subjects,textual evidence and analysis patterns. The key difference between the systemic functional semiotic approach and cognitive poetics lies in the distinction of DESCRIBING and INTERPRETING. They are complimentary to MTA in a sense. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Exploratory Data Analysis of the Overseas Dissemination of Confucianism QIN Hongwu, KONG Lei 2016, 16 (06):  23-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2016.06.005 Abstract ( 363 )   PDF (1242KB) ( 175 )   The dissemination of Confucianism is the major part of the efforts made by China in the global dissemination of her culture. In the deepening of the process, people find that it's difficult to make effective policy, on account of the absence of an in depth diachronic account of the spreading of Confucianism in the West. This study attempts to address this problem by building the database and conducting effective data mining. We hold that it is necessary and possible to build such a cultural dissemination database; what's more, the data mining techniques can also ensure the retrieval of meaningful messages to support the making of going global policies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Gender specific Variation of English Intensifiers: A Corpus based Study GUO Hongjie, GUAN Xinchao 2016, 16 (06):  30-39.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2016.06.006 Abstract ( 312 )   PDF (1486KB) ( 224 )   Resting on the framework of variationist sociolinguistics, the present study attempts to explore gender related tendencies of variation in collocations “intensifier+adjective”, based on data from the Ottawa English Corpus and the London English corpus. The findings indicate that the frequency, selection, and patterning of intensifiers have exhibited, to some extent, significant differences between men and women. The results also manifest significant interactions between gender and other social variables and emotional adjectives. And comparatively speaking, the gender specific variation of intensifers is mirrored in their frequency and categories in Canadian English, as opposed to the striking gender identity of specific intensifiers in British English. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Overview of the Studies on the Features of Translated Chinese ZHU Yifan 2016, 16 (06):  40-46.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2016.06.007 Abstract ( 510 )   PDF (1261KB) ( 152 )   The past two decades have witnessed great progress in corpus based studies on translated Chinese, especially in the aspect of lexical and syntactic features, which has contributed to a more complete and precise understanding of translated Chinese. However, there are also some drawbacks in this research field, e.g. a general lack of concrete examples and interpretation on data, two much emphasis on literary data, few diachronic studies and too many replicate studies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Corpus Study of the Attitudes Hidden in English Newspaper Editorials LI Xiang 2016, 16 (06):  47-53.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2016.06.008 Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (1038KB) ( 85 )   This thesis aims to disclose the attitudes hidden in English newspaper editorials based on lexical grammar theory with an analysis of the highest frequent word and its collocation, colligation, semantic preference and prosody. The author analyzes detailedly the attitudinal words and clauses in the typical colligations based on the appraisal theory and conceptual blending theory. The study finds that the editorials seldom use affect system and mainly use judgment and appreciation system to express the attitudes, have various attitudes toward the relationship between China and different countries and positive attitudes towards China's issues and China's behaviors and strategies, and frequently implicitly express attitudes to improve appraisal's objectivity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Automated Essay Evaluation: Past, Present and Prospect ZHANG Li, Mark Warschauer, SHENG Yue 2016, 16 (06):  54-61.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2016.06.009 Abstract ( 519 )   PDF (1323KB) ( 205 )   This paper gives an overview of the principles, features and functions of the most well known automated essay scoring systems, including PEG, IEA, e rater and Criterion, IntelliMetric and MY Access!, and BETSY. Reliabilities of these systems are analyzed, and strengths and weaknesses of each of the systems are compared and contrasted. The paper analyzes the future development of AES systems on the basis of the discussion of former researches and the model of cognitively based assessment of writing competency. It summarize the orientation of development in seven aspects: design of AES systems on cognitively based assessment model of writing competence; shift of emphasis from surface features of grammar and structure to underlying features of critical thinking and rhetorical effect; expansion of subject areas, with focus on both English language arts and scientific reasoning; development of a new genre of AES software that can provide meaningful and effective formative feedback to assist writing process; use of machine learning technology to develop an open AES system that can address new problems automatically; enhancement of feedback effect via machine student dialogue; integration and cooperation of various disciplines of studies in the field of AES. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Effects of Annotation Placement Positions in Texts on L2 Vocabulary Acquisition: Evidence from Meaning focused Classroom Interaction Activities ZHANG Yujiao, Zhang Jun Lawrence 2016, 16 (06):  62-65.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2016.06.010 Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (755KB) ( 82 )   Many teachers might have realized that placement of different lexical annotations at different locations in and around texts has different effects on EFL vocabulary learning. Yet, to what extent the effects exhibit themselves remains unknown. Our review of the literature shows that only a few studies have been conducted to verify the effects despite conflicting results. This study was conducted to fill this research gap. Specifically, it explored how annotation placement positions (annotation located before reading, on the margin or during reading, and after reading) affected L2 vocabulary learning in interaction activities in the context of EFL reading classrooms. An analysis of 85 valid vocabulary test papers showed that in classroom interaction activities: (1) different annotation placement positions had different influence on L2 vocabulary learning; (2) annotations placed before reading benefited L2 vocabulary learning the most; and (3) there was no significant difference of vocabulary learning in the cases of annotations situated on the margin and after reading. The article ends by discussing their pedagogical implications for vocabulary teaching and textbook compilation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reflections on the Language Awareness and Concept Enrichment of English Learners in China TANG Qi min, DU Shihong 2016, 16 (06):  66-71.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2016.06.011 Abstract ( 241 )   PDF (1141KB) ( 87 )   It has been observed that language use accuracy of the English learners in China is determined by their familiarities with the form of life which the native speakers lead. The English learners' inaccurate performances are indicative of the learning controversy between the empiricist's approaches and the rationalist's approaches. Based on this observation, the present study attempts to provide a philosophical insight into the depth of language learning from the perspective of the latter Wittgenstein's philosophy of language. It is believed that the English learners vary in linguistic performance and deviate from the linguistic norms rightly because they are at the different levels of both language awareness and concept enrichment. In tune with Wittgenstein's idea that learning a language brings about the understanding of it, and in response to Augustine's question whether or not we agree that words are signs, the present study puts forward an idea that English learning is both a process of elevation from sign recognition to concept enrichment and a process of the learners' development from intuitive and incidental language awareness to planned and integrated language awareness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Critical Review of the Studies in Teachers' Corrective Feedback in Second Language Writing ZHAO Junhai 2016, 16 (06):  72-78.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2016.06.012 Abstract ( 522 )   PDF (1229KB) ( 165 )   Teacher's feedback is essential for second language writing teaching and research. In the meantime, teacher's corrective feedback has become a hot and controversial issue in applied linguistics. The present researches mainly focused on the influences of corrective feedback in improving the writing ability of second language learners. The effectiveness of corrective feedback, error correction and pragmatic competence development,learner and teacher beliefs about error correction,corrective feedback and cognitive development were much researched domains. However, the effectiveness of teacher's corrective feedback, the variables that influence the results of corrective feedback and the relationship between teachers' corrective feedback and learner's language proficiency remain to be addressed. This article made a critical review of the researches of teacher's corrective feedback in second language writing and proposed the research questions for future studies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Reform of English Major Education in Ethnic Minority Areas Guided by National Standards of Teaching Quality for Undergraduate English Majors JIAN Gongyou 2016, 16 (06):  79-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2016.06.013 Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (1001KB) ( 36 )   National Standards of Teaching Quality for Undergraduate English Majors to be issued brings about both new opportunities and new challenges to undergraduate English major education. This paper puts forth some macroscopic reform suggestions on English major education in ethnic minority areas based on interpretations of National Standards of Teaching Quality for Undergraduate English Majorsfirst historically and then in the perspective of ethnic minority areas. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Corpus based Study on Language Pedagogy: The Teaching of Lexical Resource in BankingEnglish SUN Yan 2016, 16 (06):  84-87.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2016.06.014 Abstract ( 262 )   PDF (843KB) ( 42 )   Interest rate liberalization and globalization of the Internet have rendered the internationalization of banking business, and the scope and content of the business has also been developed, resulting from which it has become imperative to carry out reform on the teaching of English in banking practice. The research work on teaching Banking English vocabulary with the aid of corpus will do preparation work for the implementation of this teaching reform program. Corpus, which not only serves as a database of lexical resource, but also works to offer texts and discourse structure for teaching purpose, can help students with the learning of linguistic features of Banking English and that of banking business knowledge. With the support of Corpus based Translation Theory, attempts are made to study how to improve the efficiency of the learning of lexical resource in Banking English with the application of corpus. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Making of a Credible Translation of a Fiction Opening—Implications from Analysis of Two Translated Openings in The Old Man and the Sea LI Siyi, LU Hongmei 2016, 16 (06):  88-94.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2016.06.015 Abstract ( 560 )   PDF (1493KB) ( 79 )   Any classical fiction entails a classical opening. A classical opening is the embodiment of a novelist's writing craftsmanship as well as the result of his arduous efforts. The success in translating fiction starts from the success in translating its opening. The successfully translated fiction opening features firstly accurate and economical wording, smooth sentence construction, sentence pattern variation, and rational paragraph layout, and secondly the establishment of the source text theme and the conveyance of the source text meaning, style and tone. The fiction opening of such kind makes a credible translation. This paper, through analyzing respectively Eileen Chang's and Yu Kuang chung's translations of the opening in The Old Man and the Sea, proposes a revised translation so as to emphasize the importance of making a credible translation through a translator's utmost efforts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Negotiation and Compromise among Translators in Translation Practice ZHANG Shengxiang, XU Xiaying 2016, 16 (06):  95-99.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2016.06.016 Abstract ( 410 )   PDF (1316KB) ( 169 )   The Collaborative model was widely applied in large scale translation activities in history. Translators collaborated and communicated with each other in a dynamic translating process. That is to say, translation is the result of continual deliberation and compromise. After constructing and analyzing the model of major collaborative translation activities in Chinese history, the paper finds that translators were often influenced by political elements and patronage, and with the development of translation practice, composition of collaborative translators became more diversified, communications among collaborative translators more dynamic, and the compromise of collaborative translators more concrete and specific. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Translating Form and Introducing China to the World: a Prosodical Study of Three Word Primer in English Rhym LIU Yuhong, ZHAO Zhengdao, FENG Lei 2016, 16 (06):  100-104.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2016.06.017 Abstract ( 361 )   PDF (1136KB) ( 117 )   As we can supposedly agree on the trend that the internationalization of Chinese culture has a higher request for translating, Three Word Primer in English Rhyme, following the tide and complying with the situation, manifests the translator's sophisticated understanding and elaborate use of poetic forms and rhymes. The paper analyses the style and rhymes of Three Word Primer in English Rhyme in light of the rhymes and rhythms of Chinese and English poetry and rap music, explores where and how the aesthetic value arises out of the translation, and thus initiates a discussion about the significance and functions of rhythm and rhyme in translating and disseminating Sinological classics. References | Related Articles | Metrics