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Interpretation on the report of global stroke data 2022 TANG Chunhua, GUO Lu, LI Qiong, ZHANG Lili Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (03): 238-246.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.03.06 Abstract （4873）   HTML （217）    PDF（pc） （2270KB）（4180）       Knowledge map    Save In 2022, the World Stroke Organization released two new reports regarding global stroke statistics in the International Journal of Stroke. The reports updated the global incidence and mortality of stroke, evaluated the effects of gender and geographic factors, and provided updated statistics on attributable risk factors associated with stroke. This article briefly interprets the two reports in the context of stroke prevalence and disease burden in China. 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study findings show that stroke remains the second-leading cause of death and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined in the world. From 1990 to 2019, the burden (in terms of the absolute number of cases) increased substantially, with the bulk of the global stroke burden residing in lower-income and lower-middle-income countries. Moreover, people under 70-year-old were observed to have significant increases in stroke prevalence and incidence. The five major risks for stroke globally include high systolic blood pressure, high body mass index, high fasting glucose, environmental particulate matter pollution, and smoking. Stroke prevention and treatment in China are facing great challenges. Stroke has become the leading cause of death and disability among Chinese adults, as well as the leading cause of disability adjusted life year lost. The incidence, prevalence and mortality of stroke in China are geographically high in the north, low in the south and prominent in the central part of the country; the prevalence is higher in rural areas than that in urban areas; the morbidity and mortality rates are higher in men than those in women; the average age of onset is lower than in developed countries; the overall disease burden of ischemic stroke is on the rise, but that of hemorrhagic stroke is on the decline. The awareness of stroke prevention and treatment was low. In conclusion, it is of strategic importance to actively establish a graded stroke prevention and control system that meets the national conditions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of the Global Tuberculosis Report 2022 by World Health Organization LIANG Chen, YU Jiajia, TANG Shenjie Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (01): 21-30.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.01.004 Abstract （1337）   HTML （52）    PDF（pc） （1105KB）（3802）       Knowledge map    Save Global Tuberculosis Report 2022 (hereafter referred to as “report”), newly published by the World Health Organization (WHO), states that the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the tuberculosis (TB) disease burden and severely affected global TB prevention and control. In 2021, WHO approved a total of six molecular diagnostic technologies for TB diagnosis and anti-TB drug resistance detection, and three new TB antigen-based skin tests for TB screening were recommended. To reduce the burden on patients and the health system, WHO recommends a 4-month regimen for drug-susceptible TB and four shorter regimens for the treatment of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB). In addition, there were 26 drugs for TB treatment in clinical trials, and at least 22 clinical trials evaluating drugs and drug regimens for TB treatment were underway. In 2021， the TB epidemic remains severe in China, with the number of newly diagnosed cases ranking third among the 30 countries. In 2021, a total of 639 548 TB cases and 1 763 deaths were reported nationwide, with an incidence of 45.37/100 000 and a mortality of 0.13/100 000. China has the fourth largest number of MDR/RR-TB patients in the world. However, it is necessary to verify whether the regimens for MDR/RR-TB treatment recommended by WHO are suitable for patients in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of Multiple Myeloma Guidelines update (version 2， 2023) of National Comprehensive Cancer Network （NCCN） TAO Yi, MI Jianqing Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (02): 121-126.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.02.003 Abstract （1769）   HTML （66）    PDF（pc） （1042KB）（3656）       Knowledge map    Save Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy. With the continuous advent of new drugs, the survival of MM patients has been significantly improved, with a median survival of 7-10 years. However, the overall survival of high-risk MM patients is still less than 3 years, and extending the survival of high-risk MM has always been a hot topic in this field. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) released the 2nd version of the MM guidelines for 2023 (2023. v2). Compared with the 5th edition of the MM guidelines for 2022, the update of this guideline in diagnosis is mainly reflected in the detailed description of high-risk MM in tabular form, including both cytogenetic high-risk factors containing 1q21 gain/amplification and clinical high-risk factors, such as extramedullary disease, renal failure and weakness. In terms of treatment, the updated guideline still emphasizes the importance of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the era of new drugs, and indicates that the judgment of whether patients are suitable for transplantation needs to be dynamically adjusted based on the patients’ condition after initial treatment. 2023. v2 upgrades the recommendation of the new generation proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib in initial induction and CD38 monoclonal antibody in maintenance therapy. The combinations of these new drugs with immunomodulatory drug pomalidomide are also listed as the preferred regimens in relapsed patients. The diagnostic techniques for distinguishing high-risk MM and new drugs recommended in the updated guideline are currently available in China, Which greatly enhanc our confidence in the “clinical cure” of MM. A comprehensive interpretation of the 2023. v2 of the guidelines is expected to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic level of clinicians, and further improve the prognosis of China’s MM patient population, especially high-risk patients. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chinese interpretation of Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines 2021 (6th edition) and Ruijin clinical practice YAN Chao, LU Sheng, YAN Min, ZHU Zhenggang Journal of Surgery Concepts & Practice    2023, 28 (04): 326-354.   DOI: 10.16139/j.1007-9610.2023.04.010 Abstract （1097）   HTML （33）    PDF（pc） （4954KB）（3611）       Knowledge map    Save “Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines” have been important guidelines for the treatment of gastric cancer in Japan and worldwide. The English version “Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines 2021 (6th Edition)” published in January 2023 consists of two parts. The first part includes diagnostic and treatment methods, such as surgery, endoscopic resection, chemotherapy, follow-up. The second part addresses clinical issues, including recommendations and explanations for clinical hot topics. This article will provide a Chinese interpretation of the guidelines and briefly introduce our hospital's clinical practice in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of the 2022 edition of “guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis in China” XU Bojin, PENG Wenfang, HUANG Shan Journal of Surgery Concepts & Practice    2023, 28 (06): 512-519.   DOI: 10.16139/j.1007-9610.2023.06.05 Abstract （807）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （889KB）（3109）       Knowledge map    Save “Guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis in China” (2022) (referred to as the “guidelines”) was officially published in August 2022 in the Chinese Journal of Endocrine Metabolism. These guidelines have been extensively updated from the 2007 version, with 15 sections covering the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hyperthyroidism, as well as the management of specific types of thyrotoxicosis. The new version guidelines proposed 107 recommended opinions supported by stronger evidence, offering comprehensive and reliable guidance for clinical doctors and medical professionals dealing with thyrotoxicosis. This article aimed to extract the key points and recommended strategies from the guidelines to help clinical doctors better understand and apply the latest guiding principles. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Non-small Lung Cancer (version 4 and version 5) of 2022 National Comprehensive Cancer Nerwork(NCCN) CHEN Guoqun, CAI Jiaodi Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (01): 8-13.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.01.002 Abstract （810）   HTML （32）    PDF（pc） （900KB）（3104）       Knowledge map    Save Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with approximately 1.8 million patients dying of lung cancer each year, accounting for 18.0% of all cancer deaths. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main type of lung cancer and accounts for more than 85% of all lung cancer patients. In China, more than 700 000 new cases of lung cancer are diagnosed each year, and more than 600 000 patients die of lung cancer, accounting for 21.7% of all cancer deaths. In 2022, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) updated the guidelines for clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Compared with the third edition of the guidelines, the fourth edition of the guidelines added the reference significance of ERBB2 (HER2) mutation in the diagnosis and treatment of （NSCLC）. The updated content was mainly focused on the detection of HER2 mutation as a standard biomarker and the treatment of patients with HER2 mutation. The detection of HER2 mutation is recommended for patients with metastatic NSCLC. Fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan and trastuzumab emtansine are recommended as second-line treatment options for patients with HER2 mutation. However, both are in clinical trials in China. The treatment strategies for NSCLC patients with HER2 mutations need to be considered comprehensively in light of the actual situation, and more data from domestic trials are needed. The fifth edition of the guidelines expanded the use of nivolumab, marking new progress in the study of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of clinical practice guidelines for myelodysplastic syndrome (version 1, 2023) of National Comprehensive Cancer Nerwork(NCCN) SONG Luqian, CHANG Chunkang Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (02): 116-120.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.02.002 Abstract （525）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （904KB）（3033）       Knowledge map    Save Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a diverse and common group of myeloid malignant clonal diseases in the hematologic system, with different classification and grouping, clinical manifestations and natural course, and the iteration of different classification systems and versions in history, resulting distress in the correct diagnosis, classification and treatment options. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) released the first version （2023） of Clinical Practice Guidelines for MDS in September 2022. The guideline is based on the clinical practice and standards of high-level evidence and the latest research progress, and its attracts wide attention from clinicians worldwide. Currently, many clinicians in China have insufficient understanding of MDS, and there is still a certain gap with the international diagnosis and treatment level of MDS. This paper interprets the content of the new guidelines, and compares it with the previous guidelines, in order to provide a reference for the standardized diagnosis and treatment of MDS at the current stage in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Fault Detection in Power Distribution Systems Based on Gated Recurrent Attention Network CHEN Haolan, JIN Bingying, LIU Yadong, QIAN Qinglin, WANG Peng, CHEN Yanxia, YU Xijuan, YAN Yingjie Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (3): 295-303.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2022.091 Abstract （203）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （2938KB）（2962）       Knowledge map    Save To improve fault identification accuracy in power distribution systems, a model named gated recurrent attention network is proposed. First, a higher weight is put on the key cycles of fault phase based on the attention mechanism, making the model focus more on these key messages by weight assignment. Then, the gated recurrent network is adopted, which controls the memory transmission with gate signal and constructs the relationship between input waveform and probability of events at different stages to process the waveform sequence, thereby improving recognition accuracy. Experiments based on both simulation and field data show that the proposed method, under the small-sample-learning condition, is much better than other commonly-used classification models, such as support vector machine, gradient boosting decision tree, and convolutional neural network, providing new insights into fault identification technology in power distribution systems. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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New knowledge of prophylaxis and treatment about cancer-associated thrombosis DING Yongjie, ZHANG Liu, LI Qingyun Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (04): 323-331.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.04.001 Abstract （346）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （946KB）（2681）       Knowledge map    Save Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is the second leading cause of death in cancer patients, second only to the progression of the tumor. It leads to extended hospitalization and re-hospitalization, resulting in a serious social medical burden. Tumor-specific gene mutations such as JAK2, ALK, and KRAS mutations are closely related to the risk of CAT in patients with solid tumors. Patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors have a high risk of CAT, with a 1-year cumulative incidence rate of 10.86%. Therefore, accurate risk assessment is important. The Khorana risk score (KRS) is the first model to assess CAT risk and has been validated in several studies. The new generation models are based on the improvement of KRS, but they have not yet undergone large-scale external verification, such as the Vienna CAT model, PROTECHT model, and CONKO model. Due to the strong correlation between tumors and CAT, several CAT-related prevention guidelines have been established domestically and abroad. All of these guidelines recommend that patients undergo preventive anticoagulation therapy after tumor surgery. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is the most widely used anticoagulant drug to prevent CAT. New oral anticoagulants (NOAC) are also used to prevent CAT, despite the incidence of hemorrhaging increases, the overall benefits to patients outweigh the risks. The strategy for treating CAT is complex. For patients with non-gastrointestinal tumors, NOAC can be used as a first-line drug, while LMWH is recommended for anticoagulation in patients with gastrointestinal tumors. Since CAT patients receive anticoagulation and anti-tumor therapy at the same time, drug interactions need to be considered to avoid drug-induced bleeding, especially the impact of combined medication on NOAC pharmacokinetics. The ideal length of anticoagulation therapy for CAT remains unclear. Guidelines recommend that patients with CAT should indefinitely continue the anticoagulation therapy after completing 3 to 6 months of initial anticoagulation therapy. Therefore, when determining the course of anticoagulation therapy for cancer patients, physicians should evaluate the risk of recurrence of thrombosis and bleeding, and optimize the treatment plan. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Report on diagnosis and treatment of hemophilia in China 2023 XUE Feng, DAI Jing, CHEN Lixia, LIU Wei, ZHANG Houqiang, WU Runhui, SUN Jing, ZHANG Xinsheng, WU Jingsheng, ZHAO Yongqiang, WANG Xuefeng, YANG Renchi Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (02): 89-115.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.02.001 Abstract （2836）   HTML （80）    PDF（pc） （1494KB）（2645）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, China attaches great importance to the prevention and treatment of rare diseases. As one of the representative diseases of rare diseases, management of Hemophilia has made great progress in China. From 1986 to 1989, the National Hemophilia Cooperative Group conducted China's hemophilia epidemiological survey according to the unified method and standard, and the results showed that the prevalence of hemophilia was 2.73/100 000, and there was no statistical difference in prevalence among different regions. In 2014, Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of hemophilia in China was 2.8/100 000, and in 2018, based on the data of the urban population of Tianjin, the local prevalence of hemophilia was estimated to be 3.09/100 000. With the comprehensive promotion of the construction of hemophilia hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system, China requires that hospitals applying for hemophilia comprehensive management centers and diagnosis and treatment centers must be able to independently carry out screening tests and confirmatory tests related to hemophilia diagnosis. For diagnosis of hemophilia, most laboratories in China usually adopt the one-stage method (coagulation method) based on the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) for the determination of coagulation factor activity, but it should be noted that more than two activity detection methods are required for some special types of hemophilia. The types of each mutation in the F8 gene of patients in China are similar to those reported in international data, and the mutations in the F9 gene of our patients are mainly single base point mutations, with no mutation hotspots found. As of June 2023, a total of more than 40 000 cases with inherited bleeding disorders registered in 261 centers in China (including hemophilia), through the National Hemophilia Registration System. The history of hemophilia treatment in China has been explored through inadequate on-demand and low-dose prophylaxis, and is now moving towards higher-dose prophylaxis and individualized prophylaxis with higher efficacy. Based on the above registry data and literature, this report comprehensively summarizes the progress of basic and clinical research and medical protection in the field of hemophilia in China, and analyzes the shortcomings for further improvement of hemophilia diagnosis and treatment in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Clinical characteristics and risk factor analysis of 118 patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis LI Lei, WU Xi, DAI Jing, WU Wenman, DING Qiulan, WANG Xuefeng Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (03): 261-269.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.03.09 Abstract （190）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （991KB）（2361）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and thrombotic risk factors of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in Chinese population, in order to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis, prevention and treatment of CVST. Methods: A total of 118 CVST patients who visited the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Clinic of Ruijin Hospital from January in 2015 to December in 2022 were enrolled. The clinical data, imaging characteristics, and thrombotic gene panel were collected, and independent risk factors for thrombosis, recurrence, and multi-site thrombosis in CVST patients were studied through univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among 118 CVST patients, 88.1% (104/118) patients firstly developed CVST at age younger than 45 years old.It revealed that 57.6% patients (68/118) only suffered CVST once,and 33.1% patients (39/118) experienced thrombotic events at least twice, while 37.3% patients (44/118) suffered multi-site venous thromboembolism (VTE). The superior sagittal sinus was the most common venous sinus to form thrombosis (77/118), and multi-sites of venous sinus were involved simultaneously in 54.2% patients (64/118). The risk factor screening for thrombophilia showed that 70.3% patients (83/118) carried at least one thrombotic risk factor, including 53.3% patients (63/118) with inherited risk factors and 32.2% patients (38/118) with acquired risk factors. The main risk factors for males were anticoagulant protein deficiency (35/66) and antiphospholipid syndrome (5/66), while the risk factors for females mainly included anticoagulant protein deficiency (20/52), pregnancy/postpartum period (11/47), and contraceptive use (5/47). Among 35 patients with unknown risk factors, more than 30% of them experienced recurrent or multi-site thrombosis, and the underlying etiology in these patients still need to be further investigated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that both inherited risk factors (odds ratio, OR=21.643, 95% confidence interval， CI 9.455-49.544, P<0.0001) and acquired risk factors (OR=10.836, 95% CI 4.306-27.270, P<0.0001) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of CVST. Genetic risk factor (OR=2.270, 95% CI 1.021-5.048, P=0.044) was an independent risk factor for recurrent thrombosis in CVST patients. Conclusions: In Chinese population, CVST is more common in middle-aged and young populations.，with 70.3% patients carrying at least one thrombotic risk factor. Genetic risk factors are the main cause of CVST in China and the detectable rate is 53.3%, which is significantly higher than that (22%) reported abroad. The patients with genetic risk factors have a significantly increased risk of developing CVST or recurrent thrombosis. Identification of thrombotic risk factors, prevention, diagnosis and treatment should be carried out earlier for individuals with high-risk CVST. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Evaluation of facial injection filling materials for medical aesthetics ZHAO Chenyu, LI Chongchong, SUN Xue, et al Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2023, 19 (5): 517-.   Abstract （277）      PDF（pc） （874KB）（2343）       Knowledge map    Save With economic development and technological progress, the demand for medical aesthetics has increased sig nificantly, and medical biomaterials are widely used. It is necessary to further improve the evaluation of their effectiveness and safety. At present, the evaluation of its physicochemical properties and biology is adopted in China. However, the clinical effec tiveness is a multi-faceted evaluation without unified criteria. Most of the evaluation mainly adopts objective indicators for quan titative analysis, while subjective feelings are secondary criteria. In this paper, the main facial fillers and the evaluation methods of their physicochemical properties were reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review of Equipment Effectiveness Evaluation and Supporting Technologies SU Hongjia, LUO Yucheng, LIU Fei Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (3): 29-38.   Abstract （571）      PDF（pc） （619KB）（1977）       Knowledge map    Save Operational effectiveness evaluation has been widely used in various weapon and equipment validation studies to assess the capability of specific operational mission objectives. This paper has provided a summarized analysis of the current problems and challenges. Then, it reviewed three categories of equipment system operational effectiveness evaluation methods: multi-attribute decision-making, complex networks, and machine learning algorithms. The research status of the above approaches was analyzed. In addition, this paper has summarized the supporting technologies for equipment system operational effectiveness evaluation, respectively, indicator reduction and optimization. Finally, according to the current research progress, expected research directions for future evaluation are proposed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The fifth edition of WHO classification of digestive system tumors: update and progress on biliary system tumors LUO Fangxiu, MA Qianchen, YUAN Fei Journal of Surgery Concepts & Practice    2023, 28 (02): 124-131.   DOI: 10.16139/j.1007-9610.2023.02.08 Abstract （884）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （3365KB）（1951）       Knowledge map    Save Overall, there was little change in biliary system tumors of the 5th edition of WHO classification of digestive system tumors after update. The three-tiered classification of biliary intraepithelial neoplasia changed to two-tiered system: high-grade and low-grade, in the section of benign tumors and precancerous lesions. And both intracholecystic and intraductal papillary tumors associated with invasive carcinoma were added. The classification of intrahepatic bile duct tumors introduced parts of bile duct adenoma and bile duct adenofibroma, which were mentioned previously in the differential diagnosis with bile duct carcinoma. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was divided into small bile duct subtype and large bile duct subtype in the 5th edition of WHO classification, and the names of cholangiocellular carcinoma and cholangiole cell carcinoma were no longer recommended to use. Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was listed as a separate part for the first time, including squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma in addition to common histological types. Some new contents of molecular pathology in the 5th edition of WHO classification were added, which provided the basis for precise classification and diagnosis of tumors in biliary system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Lung cancer worldwide and in China from 1990 to 2020: prevalence and prevention measures WANG Zezhou, ZHENG Ying Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (01): 1-7.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.01.001 Abstract （1466）   HTML （43）    PDF（pc） （946KB）（1846）       Knowledge map    Save From 1990 to 2020, the number of newly diagnosed cases of lung cancer in the world continued to grow, but the prevalence remained stable. As time went, the incidence （world standard incidence, adjusted with age structure of world population） of lung cancer changed in gender, region, age, and histological type. The difference between male and female in incidence continued to narrow, with male incidence declining by 12.5% and female incidence rising by 22.3%. There were obvious regional differences in the incidence of lung cancer. From 1998 to 2012, the incidence of male lung cancer in Europe, Asia and North America showed a downward trend (the average annual change percentages were -1.6%, -0.6% and -2.5%， respectively), while the incidence of female lung cancer showed a upward trend except North America. From 1998 to 2012, the average age of lung cancer patients in all regions of the world showed a trend of increasing year by year. The average age at diagnosis of lung cancer in Asian men increased from 67.21 years in 1998 to 69.14 years in 2012. Patterns of histological types of lung cancer have also changed. Since the early 1980s, the proportion of squamous cell lung cancer has declined. Since 2004, adenocarcinoma has become the most common histological type of lung cancer in the world. In 2020, China had the largest cases of newly diagnosed lung cancer in the world. From 1989 to 2008, urban-rural ratio of lung cancer incidence dropped from 2.07 to 1.14. In economically underdeveloped areas, the incidence of lung cancer was also rising, and the situation in some areas with high incidence of lung cancer had been controlled. China, as the largest tobacco producer and consumer country, has to be serious with the control of tobacco. Risk of lung cancer caused by environmental pollution is gradually lower. Controlling occupational exposure is also the key to preventing lung cancer in China, and establishing a mornitoring network for risk factors is the direction in future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of primary osteoporosis (2022 version) in China: essential introduction ZHANG Zhenlin, YUE Hua, LI Mei, XIA Weibo Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (03): 230-233.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.03.04 Abstract （626）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （913KB）（1826）       Knowledge map    Save China is now witnessing an accelerated aging process，and active reaction is an important issue that we are facing. Osteoporosis and the resulting fractures are particularly noteworthy. In order to further standardize the diagnosis and treatment of primary osteoporosis, the Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Disease Branch of the Chinese Medical Association has developed and released the “Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Osteoporosis (2022 Version)” based on the epidemiological characteristics and pathogenesis of the Chinese population, which combined high-quality medical research evidence from both domestic and foreign sources. Based on evidence-based medicine evidence, and clinical practice in China, this article will focus on the interpretation of two key clinical issues in the new version of the guidelines, namely “fracture risk stratification and treatment selection” and “treatment course of anti-osteoporosis drugs”. Regarding the risk of fractures, this guideline divides it into high and extremely high fracture risks, cancels the classification of low and medium risks, and for one of the extremely high fracture risk indicators “recent brittle fractures”，defines “recent” as “24 months”.Given that the FRAX model underestimates the fracture risk of Chinese patients, it is proposed to develop a highly operational fracture risk stratification criteria in clinical practice. Regarding drug treatment, patients who use bisphosphonates should be fully evaluated before entering the medication holiday, and regular follow-up is still required. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States has lifted the warning of osteosarcoma and 24- month treatment limit for terlipide, the user manual of the drug in China still suggests a treatment period of 24 months. This guideline is based on high-quality evidence-based medical evidence both domestically and internationally, and may provide reference and research directions for clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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China Alzheimer Report 2024 WANG Gang, QI Jinlei, LIU Xinya, REN Rujing, LIN Shaohui, HU Yisong, LI Haixia, XIE Xinyi, WANG Jintao, LI Jianping, ZHU Yikang, GAO Mengyi, YANG Junjie, WANG Yiran, JING Yurong, GENG Jieli, ZHI Nan, CAO Wenwei, XU Qun, YU Xiaoping, ZHU Yuan, ZHOU Ying, WANG Lin, GAO Chao, LI Binyin, CHEN Shengdi, YUAN Fang, DOU Ronghua, LIU Xiaoyun, LI Xuena, YIN Yafu, CHANG Yan, XU Gang, XIN Jiawei, ZHONG Yanting, LI Chunbo, WANG Ying, ZHOU Maigeng, CHEN Xiaochun, representing the China Alzheimer's Disease Report Writing Group Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (03): 219-256.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.03.001 Abstract （2751）   HTML （157）    PDF（pc） （3339KB）（1774）       Knowledge map    Save With the sustained growth of economy and significant changes in social demographics, the issue of elderly-related diseases has increasingly drawn attention particularly. Alzheimer's disease (AD),as a representative disease of neurodegenerative diseases has become a major challenge, affecting the health and quality of life among the elderly population severely. In recent years, the incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate of AD increase in China, imposing substantial economic burdens on families, society, and the entire healthcare system. To proactively address this challenge and respond to the national 'Healthy China Action' initiative, leading experts from Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control Center, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Fujian Medical University, and other authoritative institutions, have jointly authored the 'China Alzheimer Disease Report 2024'. Building upon previous editions of 2021, 2022, and 2023, this report updates epidemiological data on AD in China, thoroughly analyzes the latest economic burdens of the disease, and comprehensively evaluates the current status of AD diagnosis and treatment services, as well as the allocation of public health resources in our country. The release of the 'China Alzheimer Disease Report 2024' not only reflects China's progress and efforts in AD research and prevention, but also underscores the social heightened concern for elderly health issues. It aims to provide scientific and technical guidance and robust data support for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of AD, offering a professional basis for the government and relevant departments to formulate targeted health policies and intervention measures. Furthermore, it serves as a platform for promoting academic exchanges and cooperation in this field domestically and internationally. Through the dissemination and application of this report, we anticipate it will not only serve as a reference for professionals but also enhance public awareness of AD, promote active participation across various sectors of society, and jointly advance the development of elderly health care in China, empowering us towards achieving 'healthy aging'. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Value of proton and heavy ion radiotherapy in treatment of retroperitoneal sarcoma WANG Zheng, BAO Cihang, JIANG Guoliang Journal of Surgery Concepts & Practice    2022, 27 (06): 506-510.   DOI: 10.16139/j.1007-9610.2022.06.05 Abstract （378）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （826KB）（1576）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Lung Cancer Screening (version 2) of 2022 National Comprehensive Cancer Network（NCCN） YANG Wenjie, YAN Fuhua Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (01): 14-20.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.01.003 Abstract （501）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （919KB）（1436）       Knowledge map    Save The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) updated the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Lung Cancer Screening (version 2. 2022). In this version, only two factors, age and smoking history, are used to stratify people into high and low risk groups. Individuals aged ≥50 years with a smoking history ≥20 pack per year are at high risk for lung cancer. Low-dose CT (LDCT) screening is recommended for high-risk individuals. The NCCN guidelines are based on the data of randomized trials conducted in the North American population, whose lung cancer disease spectrum differs from that of the Chinese population in terms of disease characteristics and risk factors. Therefore, Chinese physicians should refer to the 2022 NCCN guidelines combined with the characteristics of the Chinese population in clinical practice. In China, individuals are at high risk for lung cancer if they are aged 50-75 years with at least one additional risk factor (≥20 pack/year smoking history, secondhand smoke exposure, occupational exposure, cancer history or family history of lung cancer, disease history of COPD or pulmonary fibrosis). The benefits of lung cancer screening include decreasing lung cancer mortality, improving life quality, and detecting other hidden health risks (breast cancer, thyroid nodules, asymptomatic coronary artery disease, aortic aneurysms, etc). The use of lung nodule risk calculators by multidisciplinary teams with expertise in thoracic radiology, pulmonary medicine, and thoracic surgery for risk assessment is recommended. The disadvantages of lung cancer screening include over-screening or even ineffective screening for indolent lesions, and ineffective screening for small invasive tumors. It suggests that Chinese physicians need to consider the actual situation, weigh the pros and cons, and seek optimal decision-making. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of the Development of Foreign Small Loitering Munitions and Their Early Warning System Response Strategy LI Chao, LI Hao, SU Haoran Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (3): 58-65.   Abstract （298）      PDF（pc） （1082KB）（1412）       Knowledge map    Save The use of small loitering munitions in the Armenia-Azerbaijan and the Russia-Ukraine conflicts has once again driven the interests of global military powers to develop loitering munitions. Taking foreign small loitering munitions as the main research object, this paper has discussed the development history of loitering munitions, including the development status of several typical small loitering munitions and their respective latest development of operational applications, and summarized and compared their performance parameters. According to the study of typical types of operational applications of small loitering munitions and their operational advantages, countermeasure suggestions were proposed for future early warning systems to cope with small loitering munitions operations, thus providing a reference for the construction and development of early warning systems. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Progress of US Military Digital Transformation ZHANG Xue Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (4): 12-16.   Abstract （570）      PDF（pc） （639KB）（1401）       Knowledge map    Save Digital transformation is strategically required by military transformation. It’s critical to guarantee the reform of military concepts and plays an indispensable link in winning future wars using intelligent technology. To maintain the war advantage, the US military has been actively promoting its digital transformation during the transition of the fourth industrial revolution. This paper has studied the needs, development goals, significance, and implementation approaches of the digital transformation of the current US Army. Then, specific strategies to promote the digital transformation of China’s military were proposed by establishing standards and specifications, building data models, and personnel digital literacy. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Overview of Foreign Simulation VV&A Standards WANG Bingheng, LI Wei, ZHANG Huan, MA Ping, CHENG Huichuan, ZHANG Jianchao, YANG Ming Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (3): 13-24.   Abstract （403）      PDF（pc） （1612KB）（1391）       Knowledge map    Save With the progress of technology, the engineering system has become increasingly sophisticated and complex. Whether the simulation can represent real entities in the real world has been considered as a major concern. Simulation VV&A is the key to ensuring the correctness and credibility of a simulation. The VV&A standard regulates how to perform its work and standardize its activities, which has engineering practical significance. This article initially summarized the development process of foreign VV&A standards. Then, the similarities and differences between simulation VV&A standards abroad were compared and analyzed. Finally, the future development direction of simulation VV&A standards was proposed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development and prospects of ERCP in China LI Wen Journal of Surgery Concepts & Practice    2023, 28 (04): 279-282.   DOI: 10.16139/j.1007-9610.2023.04.001 Abstract （766）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （838KB）（1371）       Knowledge map    Save Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) is an interventional endoscopic technique aimed at the diagnoses and treatment of biliary and pancreatic diseases under the guidance of endoscopy and X-ray ima-ging. ERCP was introduced into China from the 1970s. In the 1990s, ERCP was gradually popularized and applied in China with the development of medical technique and improvement of equipment, more medical institutions started to carry out ERCP. After 2000, ERCP technology and equipment were further upgraded and improved in China. Many secondary and tertiary hospitals began to establish the ERCP centers. Meanwhile, workshops and training also facilitated the teaching and practice of ERCP and cultivated more professionals of ERCP. In recent years, the technical level of ERCP in China has been continuously improved, and technologies and equipments are constantly updated and iterated. Currently, ERCP has become one of important techniques in the endoscopic field, playing an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic diseases. The vigorous development of ERCP in China is attributed to the advancement of medical science, the improvement of technology and the efforts of generations of ERCP specialists. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Modeling of Multi-Modal Knowledge Graph for Assembly Process of Wind Turbines with Multi-Source Heterogeneous Data HU Zhiqiang, LIU Mingfei, LI Qi, LI Xinyu, BAO Jinsong Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (8): 1249-1263.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.062 Abstract （310）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （11842KB）（1365）       Knowledge map    Save The assembly process information of wind turbines is usually scattered in process documents consisting of multi-modal information, such as 3D models, natural texts, and images. Therefore, the cost of maintaining data and extracting process knowledge is high while the efficiency is low. To solve this problem, a multi-modal knowledge graph-based modeling method for the assembly process knowledge of wind turbines is proposed with multi-source heterogeneous data. First, the concepts in multi-modal process knowledge graph of wind turbine (MPKG-WT) are defined by analyzing the process characteristics of wind turbines to complete the construction of ontology. Then, based on the characteristics of multi-source heterogeneous data and multi-modal information, data analysis, knowledge extraction, and semantic similarity calculation are leveraged to realize the automatic instantiation of the graph. Finally, taking the process data of a wind turbine enterprise as an example, MPKG-WT is constructed and verified by implementing an auxiliary system for process design. The results show that MPKG-WT is more informative than the single-modal graph, and the data in different modals can complement each other, which leads to significant improvements in the efficiency of process design. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review of Missile Structural Optimization Design for Additive Manufacturing KE Linda, ZHANG Xiaolong, CUI Zhe, GU Mingfeng, LAI Caifang, LIU Yong Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (2): 28-34.   Abstract （312）      PDF（pc） （1107KB）（1303）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of AM (additive manufacturing) technology, the integration of innovative structure design and AM technology must be the critical direction of breakthrough development in missile development and structural design. This paper discussed the application of advanced additive manufacturing technology in missile structure optimization in three parts: the static design, the dynamic structure design and the coupling dynamics. Since the optimization of missile structure involves dynamic characteristics, aeroelasticity, mechanical-thermal coupling etc., relying on its unique advantages, AM technology can break through the traditional design mode and the processing bottleneck, and can further realize the lightweight, small size and functional integration of space weapon equipment. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Brief Summary of Key Points for The Installation of Offshore Wind Turbine Monopile Foundation FAN Changhui Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2023, 10 (2): 1-7.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2023.02.01 Abstract （263）      PDF（pc） （6154KB）（1290）       Knowledge map    Save The installation of offshore wind turbine monopile foundation requires a variety of ship machinery and lifting equipment, etc. If the suitabe selection of those above matters could make the completion of the construction objectives be achieved. In order to select suitable ship machinery lifting equipment, using project as example the compare between domestic and foreign monopile installation, the selection consideration of the main floating crane ship and the drivability of the hydraulic hammer are specifically analyzed through the verification analysis of the monopile stabilizing platform and the description of other additional installation points, which shows that the main considerations for the selection of marine machinery and lifting equipment for offshore wind turbine monopile installation in China and the verification analysis methods are useful. These can provide serve as for the selection of marine floating machine for monopile installation, for the design and verification of monopile stabilizing platform, and for the preparation of construction organization and scheme. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review of Autonomous Decision-Making and Planning Techniques for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle CHENG Haoyu, ZHANG Shuo, LIU Tailai, XU Shengli, HUANG Hanqiao Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (1): 6-15.   Abstract （428）      PDF（pc） （994KB）（1276）       Knowledge map    Save Facing the future with a highly dynamic, strong confrontation and rejection combat environment, intelligence level has become the core factor restricting the UAV mission/environment adaptability and combat effectiveness. Focusing on autonomous decision-making and planning technology, which is a difficult, rapidly updated and broad application prospect, the main research achievements and future development direction of autonomous decision-making and planning technology were reviewed. Firstly, the necessity of autonomous decision-making and planning technology research was elaborated based on the development and current situation of unmanned aerial vehicles. Secondly, this study summarized and analyzed the current research results of autonomous decision-making and planning technology. Finally, the development direction of autonomous decision-making and planning technology of UAVs was prospected. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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DNA methylation detection assists early screening and diagnosis of tumors LIU Yifei Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (04): 393-401.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.04.011 Abstract （1044）   HTML （27）    PDF（pc） （1010KB）（1275）       Knowledge map    Save DNA methylation is one of the most widely used indicator for early cancer screening. Under the influence of carcinogens, hypermethylation of the promoter region of tumor suppressor genes may lead to downregulation or silencing of gene expression, thereby activating the expression of proto-oncogenes and promoting tumorigenesis. The samples used for DNA methylation detection are mainly exfoliated cells, blood samples and paraffin-embedded tissues. Commonly used detection methods include: methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), nucleic acid mass spectrometry, methylation chip, bisulfite sequencing, next-generation sequencing, etc. Compared with mutation detection, the advantages of DNA methylation detection are that it has higher tumor specificity, more detectable sites, higher signal quality, and can achieve tissue traceability. Currently, it is mainly used clinically for medication guidance for brain glioma, aid in diagnosis and high-risk triage for lung cancer, high-risk triage and recurrence monitoring for bladder cancer, high-risk triage for cervical cancer, and early screening and recurrence monitoring for colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. Before large-scale clinical routine application, accurately positioning of the application scenarios for DNA methylation detection must be considered. For well-tolerated endoscopy, the rigid need of DNA methylation detection for high-risk triage may be reduced. DNA methylation detection plays an important role in assisting in the diagnosis of tumors with low pathological diagnosis sensitivity, tumor monitoring and prognosis assessment. With the standardization of testing procedures and quality management, DNA methylation detection will be more widely used to improve the early screening and diagnostic sensitivity of tumors. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Hierarchical Tree Construction Method for Multilevel Process Model of Joint Operations Simulation ZHANG Mingxin, SU JiongMing, ZHANG Mingen, LI Rufei, QIAN Xiaochao Air & Space Defense    0, (): 6-12.   Abstract （182）      PDF（pc） （1041KB）（1250）       Knowledge map    Save The types of models of the joint combat simulation experiments are rich, while the design, the evaluation and the analysis of the simulation experiment are complex. Thus, the scenarios for the application of the experimental results are diverse. Therefore, multi-level models are required for joint combat experiments and analysis. The hierarchy of entities has been generally studied by aggregation and disaggregation but still lacks suitable description, analysis, and integration methods for the hierarchy of combat processes models. According to the existing methods of hierarchical description and analysis, this paper utilized the concept of a hierarchical tree to describe the process models of different levels. The structure, operation and application of the hierarchical tree were analyzed systematically. The specific application of the process hierarchical tree was introduced with examples. The hierarchical tree description of the process model can contribute to the multi-level joint simulation application analysis and multi-level model management, and can effectively improve the interoperability and reusability of models at different levels. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Key Technologies and Breakthrough Path of Hydrogen Production by Offshore Wind Power GAO Chang, LI Hongtao Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2023, 10 (2): 89-94.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2023.02.14 Abstract （266）      PDF（pc） （2904KB）（1231）       Knowledge map    Save Marine renewable energy is abundant but difficult to store. The generation of green hydrogen from offshore renewable energy can provide a new idea for the storage of green energy. This paper mainly analyzes the key technologies of hydrogen production from offshore wind power, focusing on the four aspects of offshore water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, offshore hydrogen energy storage and transportation technology, offshore hydrogen production and storage equipment design, as well as offshore hydrogen production and storage scheme. This paper compares and summarizes the key technologies of offshore wind power hydrogen production in China, and puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions on this basis. It provides reference for the innovative development of offshore wind power hydrogen production technology and equipment in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Applicability of Standards for Offshore Facility Structure Monitoring Systems KANG Yongtian, LING Aijun, JIN Xinyue, LIANG Yuanhua, TANG Aipan Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2023, 10 (2): 101-105.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2023.02.16 Abstract （117）      PDF（pc） （4469KB）（1216）       Knowledge map    Save With the increasing technical requirements for the structural safety of offshore facilities and the rapid development of digital technology, structural health monitoring technology is becoming more widely used in offshore facility structures for monitoring the safety of the structure and ensuring the safety of the facilities. At present, the application of digital twins technology on offshore facilities is emerging, and  the offshore facility structure monitoring system has not formed a mature technical standard so far. This paper studied the standards  of offshore facility structure monitoring system, analyze d the applicability of monitoring system design, manufacturing, installation, commissioning and inspection standards, and provided  technical support for the engineering application of offshore facility structure monitoring systems. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Electric vehicle charging situation awareness for charging station ultra-short-term load forecast SHI Yiwei1 (史一炜), LIU Zeyu1 (刘泽宇), FENG Donghan1∗ (冯冬涵), ZHOU Yun1∗ (周 云), ZHANG Kaiyu2 (张开宇), LI Hengjie3 (李恒杰) J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (1): 28-38.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-023-2566-2 Abstract （300）      PDF（pc） （1518KB）（1195）       Knowledge map    Save Electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to be key nodes connecting transportation–electricity–communication networks. Advanced automotive electronics technologies enhance EVs’ perception, computing, and communication capacity, which in turn can boost the operational efficiency of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). EVs couple the ITS to the power system, providing a promising solution to charging congestion and transformer overload via navigation and forecasting approaches. This study proposes a privacy-preserving EV charging situation awareness framework and method to forecast the ultra-short-term load of charging stations. The proposed method only relies on public information from commercial service providers. In the case study, data are powered by the Baidu LBS cloud and EV-SGCC platform, and the experiment is conducted within an area of Pudong New District in Shanghai. Based on the results, the charging load of charging stations can be adequately forecasted more than 1 min ahead with low communication and computing power requirements. This research provides the basis for further studies on operation optimization and electricity market transaction of charging stations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Depth Distribution Characteristics of Particle Velocity Field Intensity in Shallow Sea ZHANG Haigang, XIE Jinhuai, LIU Jiaqi, GONG Lijia, LI Zhi Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (7): 995-1005.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.073 Abstract （1469）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （6512KB）（1144）       Knowledge map    Save The depth distribution characteristics of particle velocity field intensity have had a significant impact on underwater acoustic detection and estimation. In this paper, based on the approximate conditions of the incoherent normal modes sum transformation to angular integration, the angular integration form of incoherent normal modes of particle velocity was derived, which avoided the complex calculations of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions while revealing the physical mechanism behind the significant variations in particle velocity intensity with source depth and symmetrical depth. The numerical results demonstrate that the analytical expression of the angular integration of incoherent particle velocity can facilitate fast computation and effectively characterize the depth distribution characteristics of particle velocity intensity. Additionally, due to the superposition effect of the amplitude function of normal modes, there are notable differences in the depth distribution of vertical and horizontal particle velocity. Subsequently, focusing on the intensity difference of particle velocity, the study analyzed the effects of parameters such as horizontal distance, source frequency, sound speed profile, and water depth on the depth distribution characteristics of particle velocity field intensity. The findings provide a theoretical basis for passive target depth estimation based on vector fields. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Low Carbon Economy Optimization of Integrated Energy System Considering Electric Vehicle Charging Mode and Multi-Energy Coupling ZHANG Cheng, KUANG Yu, CHEN Wenxing, ZHENG Yang Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (5): 669-681.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2022.364 Abstract （1176）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （4514KB）（1103）       Knowledge map    Save In order to enable a multi-energy coupling integrated energy system (IES) to meet the needs of load diversity in low-carbon economic operation, a bi-level optimal configuration method for low-carbon economic operation of multi-energy coupling IES in different charging modes of electric vehicles (EVs) is proposed. First, an IES including cold-thermal-electric-gas coupling is established. Then, in the day-to-day operation stage, factors such as hierarchical carbon trading mechanism and different charging modes of EVs are considered to achieve the lowest daily scheduling cost. In the configuration planning stage, based on the daily operation cost, the equipment capacity is configured with the lowest equipment investment cost and annual operation cost. Finally, Cplex is used to solve the above two-stage objective functions and obtain the optimal configuration scheme and scheduling results through mutual iteration. The results show that the charging method considering the remaining charge of EVs and carbon trading mechanism can significantly reduce carbon emissions and operating costs of the system. The proposed configuration approach can well realize low-carbon economic operation of the multi-energy coupling IES. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Value of serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels in primary screening peritoneal dialysis patients with volume overload LI Hua, HUANG Xiaomin, ZHANG Chunyan, DU Lu, REN Hong, XU Tian Journal of Internal Medicine Concepts & Practice    2023, 18 (03): 157-164.   DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2023.03.005 Abstract （588）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （845KB）（1052）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the relationship between serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level and hydration status and cardiac function indexes in the patients receiving peritoneal dialysis(PD) treatment，and to further analyze the factors affecting the level of NT-proBNP. Methods A total of 111 patients with PD who were followed up in the PD Center of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from May 2019 to January 2022 were enrolled and the data was analyzed retrospectively. According to the results of multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance body composition monitor (BCM), relative hydration status (DHS), the ratio obtained through dividing extracellular water (ECW) by overhydration (OH), the patients were divided into normal volume group (OH/ECW≤15%) and overhydration group (OH/ECW>15%). The relationship between serum NT-proBNP level and hydration status in two groups was compared, and the related factors affecting the level of NT-proBNP were further analyzed and discussed. Using BCM result as the“gold standard”, the receiver operator characteristic curve(ROC curve) determined the optimal threshold of NT-proBNP as the capacity was overloaded. The patients were divided into two groups according to NT-proBNP and their clinical data were compared. Results The indexes including systolic blood pressure, urine volume, urea clearance index (Kt/V), creatinine clearance rate(CCr), dialysate to plasma ratio for urea at 4 hours(4hD/PCr), types of antihypertensive drugs, type of diuretic, hemoglobin, serum albumin, log2(NT-proBNP), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness(LVPWT), left atrial diameter(LAD), OH, TBW, ECW, OH/TBW, ECW/TBW and ECW/ICW were detected in volume overload group and normal volume group, and showed statistically significant (all P<0.05). log2(NT-proBNP) level was correlated with systolic blood pressure, dialysis duration, ultrafiltration volume, dialysis dose, antihypertensive drug group, IVST, LVPWT, LAD, left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), OH, OH/ECW were positively correlated (all P<0.05). It was negatively correlated with urine volume, Kt/V, CCr, normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), hemoglobin, serum albumin and LVEF (all P<0.05). NT-proBNP 4 896 ng/L could be used as the critical value of initial screening capacity overload and was applied to divide the patients into two groups, and the systolic blood pressure, urine volume, ultrafiltration volume, Kt/V, CCr, IVST, LVPWT, OH/ECW indicators showed significant differences (all P<0.05) in two groups. Conclusions The level of NT-proBNP in PD patients is generally increased, and it indicates volume overload as its value is greater than 4 896 ng/L, which can be used as a simple monitoring index for the preliminary judgment of volume overload in PD patients. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Current status and considerations on the diagnosis and treatment of pemphigus in China PAN Meng, WANG Jingying Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (03): 209-214.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.03.01 Abstract （479）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （918KB）（1044）       Knowledge map    Save Pemphigus is a rare autoimmune bullous disease with chronic and high rates of relapse. The diagnosis of pemphigus in China has following problems: first, the difficulty of early diagnosis commonly causes missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis with eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, behcet disease, ect. Patients are diagnosed clearly only after several months or years. Second, patients’ cognitive dificiency of pemphigus. Shortage of education on pemphigus patients, low acceptance and obedience and self-reduction or-withdrawal of drug causing common relapse and low sensitivity and increasing adverse reactions in retreatment. Thrid, lack of management of doctors in adverse reaction treatment. Some primary hospitals still have the overdosage of hormone to disease control and nonstandard drug combination as the primary treatment of pemphigus. In January 2020, the Dermatology Branch of China Association for the Promotion of International Exchanges in Healthcare has released Expert Recommendations on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pemphigus Vlgaris (2020) and update the diagnosis standard of pemphigus in China. In April 2021, the China Autoimmune Bullous Disease Collaboration Network was officially established to promote the further update of pemphigus diagnosis and treatment with multi-center and multidisciplinary collaborative research. “Early diagnosis, timely treatment, careful nursing, long-term follow-up” is the principle of pemphigus diagnosis and treatment. This article concludes the situation of pemphigus in China, compares differences between home and abroad in diagnosis and treatment of pemphigus and triggers thoughts of future development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Numerical Study of Combustion Characteristics of Methane/Hydrogen Hybrid Fuel of Lean Premixed Swirl WANG Xinci, LIU Aiguo, WU Xiaoqu, ZHANG Yunjie Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (8): 1179-1187.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2022.502 Abstract （112）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （22873KB）（1036）       Knowledge map    Save The numerical simulation method is used to study the influence of the mixing ratio of methane/hydrogen mixture on the combustion characteristics and pollutant emission characteristics of the combustor. The results show that due to the action of combustion chemical reaction, there exists a certain difference in the structure of cold and hot flow fields. The flow velocity of the hot flow field increases, and the recirculation zone becomes larger. The hydrogen content has a significant impact on the structure and temperature distribution characteristics of the hot flow field, and a central recirculation zone is formed when the hydrogen content is less than 20%, which can maintain stable combustion. When the hydrogen content is greater than 40%, the central recirculation zone disappears, the external recirculation zone is extended, and the spontaneous combustion and flashback occur to varying degrees. As the inlet air temperature increases, the spontaneous ignition phenomenon becomes more obvious, and the inlet air temperature decreases, the flashback phenomenon becomes more obvious. NOx emissions increase with the increase of hydrogen content, CO emissions decrease with the increase of hydrogen content, and CO is concentrated in the combustion zone of the main combustion stage. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Urban Target Detection Algorithm Based on Multi-Modal Fusion of UAV WANG Jianyuan, CHEN Xiaotong, ZHANG Yue, SUN Junge, SHI Donghao, CHEN Jinbao Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (1): 32-39.   Abstract （521）      PDF（pc） （1812KB）（1032）       Knowledge map    Save Using small drones to detect urban targets such as vehicles at low altitudes in cities has gradually become a mainstream means. Given the existing problems of low detection accuracy of single-mode detection networks affected by visible light detection, inability to work at night and the blurred edge of infrared detection targets in actual scenes, this paper has proposed a multi-modal UAV detection algorithm based on image fusion and deep learning network. Firstly, based on the DUT-VTUAV visible-infrared registration data set and TIF image fusion algorithm, a multi-mode fusion data set was built up. Secondly, by comparing the detection accuracy, speed and several parameters of the existing YOLO series network, the lightweight network YOLO v5n which was most suitable for the mobile deployment of UAVs was decided. Finally, a multi-modal fusion detection algorithm was produced by combining an image fusion algorithm and a target detection model. Comparative experiments on vehicle data sets successfully show that compared with single-mode detection, the detection accuracy of the proposed algorithm is effectively increased, with mAP up to 99.6%, and a set of visible-infrared image fusion detection can be completed within 0.3s, indicating the high real-time performance. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Integrated Air Defense Cooperative Networking Operation Research LAI Wenxing, WANG Chuangwei, GU Cunfeng, ZHANG Qing, XU Yongqin, JIA Jun Air & Space Defense    2022, 5 (4): 92-96.   Abstract （535）      PDF（pc） （3289KB）（1029）       Knowledge map    Save In view of the current operational background of the development of air attack system towards the integration of sky, ground, sea, network and electronic, and the expansion of operational airspace to near space, outer space and network electronic space, the paper points out the connotation and core content of the integrated air defense cooperative networking operation, analyzes the current situation at home and aboard, proposes the composition of integrated air defense cooperative networking operation, studies the technical approach of adaptive networking architecture, integrated fire control network, distributed command and control system, operational component, discusses its combat capability, combat style, typical scenario and operational process. The operation technology can provide a useful reference for realizing the cross domain networking operation of interconnection and interoperability between different types defense equipment and establishing the integrated aerospace defense system. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of the 5th edition of the WHO classification of haematolymphoid tumours on MDS and AML YE Xiangjun, LU Xingguo Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (05): 421-428.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.05.002 Abstract （645）   HTML （32）    PDF（pc） （1392KB）（1011）       Knowledge map    Save In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours (referred to as the 5th ed. WHO classification) based on the accumulated research results and clinical application progress in related fields after the revised 4th Edition of the WHO classification. Myelodysplastic neoplasms/syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the 5th ed. edition of the WHO classification. In practice in WHO classification has major changes from the revised 4th, it is of great significance for clinical disease diagnosis and treatment, as well as disease registration and scientific research. This article is interpreted based on the fifth edition of the classification published in the journal Leukemia and online ahead of print version on the official website of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）