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China Alzheimer Report 2024 WANG Gang, QI Jinlei, LIU Xinya, REN Rujing, LIN Shaohui, HU Yisong, LI Haixia, XIE Xinyi, WANG Jintao, LI Jianping, ZHU Yikang, GAO Mengyi, YANG Junjie, WANG Yiran, JING Yurong, GENG Jieli, ZHI Nan, CAO Wenwei, XU Qun, YU Xiaoping, ZHU Yuan, ZHOU Ying, WANG Lin, GAO Chao, LI Binyin, CHEN Shengdi, YUAN Fang, DOU Ronghua, LIU Xiaoyun, LI Xuena, YIN Yafu, CHANG Yan, XU Gang, XIN Jiawei, ZHONG Yanting, LI Chunbo, WANG Ying, ZHOU Maigeng, CHEN Xiaochun, representing the China Alzheimer's Disease Report Writing Group Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (03): 219-256.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.03.001 Abstract （27725）   HTML （2261）    PDF（pc） （3637KB）（35095）       Knowledge map    Save With the sustained growth of economy and significant changes in social demographics, the issue of elderly-related diseases has increasingly drawn particular attention. Alzheimer's disease (AD),as a representative neurodegenerative diseases has become a major challenge, affecting the health and quality of life among the elderly population severely. In recent years, the incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate of AD have increased in China, imposing substantial economic burdens on families, society, and the entire healthcare system. To proactively address this challenge and respond to the national 'Healthy China Action' initiative, leading experts from Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control Center, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Fujian Medical University, and other authoritative institutions, have jointly authored the 'China Alzheimer Disease Report 2024'. Building upon previous editions of 2021, 2022, and 2023, this report updates epidemiological data on AD in China, thoroughly analyzes the latest economic burdens of the disease, and comprehensively evaluates the current status of AD diagnosis and treatment services, as well as the allocation of public health resources in our country. The release of the 'China Alzheimer Disease Report 2024' not only reflects China's progress and efforts in AD research and prevention, but also underscores the heightened social concern for elderly health issues. It aims to provide scientific and technical guidance and robust data support for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of AD, offering a professional basis for the government and relevant departments to formulate targeted health policies and intervention measures. Furthermore, it serves as a platform for promoting academic exchanges and cooperation in this field domestically and internationally. Through the dissemination and application of this report, we anticipate it will not only serve as a reference for professionals but also enhance public awareness of AD, promote active participation across various sectors of society, and jointly advance the development of elderly health care in China, empowering us towards achieving 'healthy aging'. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Trends in global major disease burden and health conditions—interpretation of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021 FAN Bonan, LI Yan Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (05): 474-483.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.05.003 Abstract （5827）   HTML （189）    PDF（pc） （3009KB）（10620）       Knowledge map    Save The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) analyzed 371 diseases and injuries using 100,983 data sources, estimating years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years, and healthy life expectancy. From 1990 to 2019, the annual rate of change in global all-cause mortality ranged from -0.9% to 2.4%, while deaths increased by 10.8% and 7.5% in 2020 and 2021 respectively due to COVID-19. In 2021, COVID-19 was the second lea-ding cause of death globally, with a mortality rate of 94.0 per 100 000. The mortality rates of other major causes, such as ischemic heart disease and stroke were 108.7 and 87.4 per 100 000, respectively. Global life expectancy rose from 65.5 years in 1990 to 73.3 years in 2019 but dropped to 71.7 years in 2021 due to COVID-19, which reduced life expectancy by 2.2 years, significantly impacting the trend of health improvement. In China, GBD 2021 data shows a significant increase in life expectancy from 1990 to 2021: from 69.9 to 80.7 years for women and from 65.7 to 74.9 years for men. However, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases remain major health threats. In 2021, these diseases had the highest burden among the top ten causes in China, with rising incidence and morta-lity rates. Major health risk factors in China include tobacco, hypertension, and dietary risks. This paper, through the systematic analysis of GBD 2021 data, reveals current trends in disease burden globally and in China, and proposes public health strategy recommendations. China should enhance chronic disease management, improve public health emergency responses, address health inequalities, and promote basic research and international cooperation to improve overall health levels. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Summary and interpretation of the World Health Organization “Global Report on Hypertension” ZHANG Dongyan, LI Yan Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (03): 297-304.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.03.007 Abstract （5440）   HTML （158）    PDF（pc） （945KB）（9520）       Knowledge map    Save In 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) released the first document of “Global report on hypertension—The race against a silent killer”. which covers the global prevalence and management of hypertension, analyzes the mortality and disease burden caused by hypertension, explores the risk factors for hypertension, evaluates the cost-effectiveness of blood pressure treatment, and presents successful examples of hypertension management in many countries, especially the global implementation of the WHO-launched HEARTS project for hypertension control. Hypertension is a significant global public health challenge with severe health implications. Over the past 30 years, the number of people with hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication) has doubled, rising from 650 million in 1990 to 1.3 billion in 2019. Among the global hypertensive population aged 30-79, approximately 54% have been diagnosed, of which 42% are receiving antihypertensive treatment, and only 21% have controlled blood pressure. In 2019, elevated systolic pressure was responsible for over half of cardiovascular disease deaths globally. Increasing the global hypertension control rate to 50% could prevent 76 million deaths from 2023 to 2050. Population-level risk factors for hypertension include high salt and low potassium intake, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and air pollution. WHO advocates for the prevention and control of hypertension through measures such as reducing dietary sodium intake, increasing potassium intake, limiting alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, increasing physical activity, and improving air quality. In terms of treatment, WHO guidelines recommend antihypertensive medication for individuals with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. For specific populations, it is also recommended to start antihypertensive treatment when systolic blood pressure is between 130-139 mmHg. The use of single-pill combination therapy is also advised to improve adherence and persistence in treatment. The prevalence and management of hypertension in China are also noteworthy. Hypertension is a major cause of mortality and disease burden in the Chinese population. By learning from global successes in hypertension management, China can enhance its efforts in the prevention, control, and monitoring of hypertension, particularly by promoting the application of the HEARTS technical package to improve hypertension management. This report aims to draw attention to major non-communicable diseases, particularly hypertension, as a public health challenge. Through detailed data analysis and successful case studies, the report underscores the importance of hypertension prevention and control, providing scientific evidence for policy-making across countries. This collective effort aims to achieve the global goal of a 25% relative reduction in uncontrolled hypertension prevalence by 2025 compared to 2010. This article will interpret briefly the reports based on the prevalence and management of hypertension in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of elderly myelodysplastic neoplasm in China (2024) MDS Professional Committee of Hematology Branch of Chinese Geriatrics Society Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (03): 285-296.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.03.006 Abstract （4066）   HTML （150）    PDF（pc） （1106KB）（8706）       Knowledge map    Save Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid tumours originating from haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, with a high prevalence in the elderly. Epidemiological surveys in Europe and the United States have revealed that the incidence of MDS is (4-5)/100 000, which increases with age，and the median age at diagnosis of MDS patients reaches 73-76 years. In Shanghai, China, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 diagnostic criteria, the average incidence rate was 1.51/100 000, and the median age of onset of MDS was found to be 62 years old in a survey conducted in 3.9 million people from 2004 to 2007, of which about one-third of the patients would be transformed into acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 53% of the patients would die due to infections, haemorrhages, or comorbidities triggered by cytopenias. Elderly MDS patients have their own characteristics in terms of both treatment choices and disease prognosis due to more comorbidities and weaker health. Clinical characteristics of elderly MDS patients include slightly higher white blood cell count, haemoglobin level and more bone marrow blasts than those of young patients, while neutrophil count and platelet count are significantly higher than those of young patients; the number of mutations in elderly MDS patients is higher, with an average of 1.8 mutations per patient, among which the mutations in ASXL1, TET2, SF3B1, STAG2, SRSF2 and TP53 are more common; while the number of mutations in younger patients averages 1.2 per person, among which U2AF1, ASXL1 and RUNX1 mutations are more common. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the only curative treatment for MDS, and myeloablative transplantation is feasible in young patients, but only reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) allo-HSCT can be performed in elderly patients.The natural course and prognosis of elderly MDS patients varies considerably, and the MDS Composite Prognostic Score, which is composed of the composite age (>70 years old), vulnerability index, and IPSS prognostic subgroups, is able to better predict the tolerance of chemotherapy and adverse treatment effects in MDS patients. This consensus is based on the latest evidence-based data in the study of MDS in the elderly at home and abroad, and has been discussed by the experts of the group, which aims to standardise the diagnosis and the whole management of treatment for elderly MDS patients in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on the mechanism of skin aging caused by ultraviolet radiation CHEN Heng, WANG Jue, ZHOU Xu Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2024, 20 (3): 382-.   Abstract （1116）      PDF（pc） （992KB）（8001）       Knowledge map    Save Skin exposed to sunlight for a long period of time will have impaired function and even genetic material alteration， which is manifested by aging characteristics such as water loss， elasticity loss， wrinkle growth， melanin deposition and dryness. There are many ways to cause skin photoaging and the mechanism is complex， the ultraviolet light in sunlight has a particularly obvious effect on skin aging， the ultraviolet light that can act on the skin is divided into two kinds： UVA and UVB. They mainly act on the skin through five mechanisms that lead to photoaging： oxidative stress， damaging genetic material， changing the epidermal microbial community， destroying the function and structure of organelles， and reshaping the extracellular matrix （ECM）.In this paper， these five mechanisms were reviewed， and research directions and prospects in this field were proposed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Enlightenment for the Development of Anti-UAV Equipment from the Offensive and Defensive Operations of UAVs Between Russian and Ukrainian ZHANG Yaoyi, LI Ning Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (3): 34-39.   Abstract （1982）      PDF（pc） （924KB）（6746）       Knowledge map    Save According to the offensive and defensive operations of UAVs （Unmanned Aerial Vehicles） in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the methods of countering new air threats represented by UAVs in the future were studied. By reviewing the overall situation of the UAVs employed by Russia and Ukraine, the methods of using various UAVs to build an integrated reconnaissance and offensive system on both sides were summarized. From the perspective of responding to the UAV threat, this paper elaborated on the overall overview of the anti-UAV equipment employed by both sides and summarized the methods of building an integrated anti-UAV system using various soft and hard killing methods. According to the practical experience of warfare, considering the development of strong hostile UAVs and anti-UAV equipment such as the US military, enlightenment and suggestions for the future development of anti-UAV equipment were proposed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Construction of Student-Centered, Harmonious Teacher-Student Relationships Driven by Educator Spirit XU Jinfen Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (4): 5-15.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.04.001 Abstract （947）   HTML （30）    PDF（pc） （1217KB）（6253）       Knowledge map    Save Under the guidance of spirits of educators, this article firstly explores the contemporary significance and theoretical basis for the construction of harmonious teacher-student relationships. Then, based on the 14 student-centered principles proposed by the American Psychological Association and the semi-structured interview results with university teachers and students from different regions in China, six major characteristics of student-centered harmonious teacher-student relationships are extracted. Finally, guided by these characteristics, specific strategies for building student-centered harmonious relationships between foreign language teachers and students are proposed from five aspects: educational philosophy, teaching methods, learning environment, emotional support, and evaluation system. This article aims to provide references for foreign language teachers from both theoretical and practical perspectives and further promote the healthy development of foreign language education. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Two-Stage Optimal Dispatch for Integrated Energy System with Oxy-Combustion Based on Multi-Energy Flexibility Constraints PENG Chuxuan, BIAN Xiaoyan, JIN Haixiang, LIN Shunfu, XU Bo, ZHAO Jian Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2025, 59 (9): 1281-1291.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.487 Abstract （1687）   HTML （17）    PDF（pc） （2004KB）（5648）       Knowledge map    Save As one of the most promising carbon capture technologies for coal-fired power plants, oxy-fuel combustion provides a new solution for improving the flexibility of the integrated energy system (IES) and reducing carbon emissions. In this paper, a two-stage optimal dispatch strategy for the integrated energy system with oxy-fuel combustion units considering the constraints of multi-energy flexibility is proposed based on the intergration of oxy-fuel combustion technology and the optimal operation of the integrated energy system. First, a model of integrated energy system with oxy-fuel combustion (Oxy-IES) is established. Then, a matrix model of multi-energy flexibility constraints for Oxy-IES is proposed to reveal the supply and demand relationship of flexibility within the system. Finally, a two-stage optimization dispatch strategy for Oxy-IES is constructed, in which the output of each unit is optimized to minimize the daily operating cost of carbon trading in the day-ahead stage, while the rapid variable load capacity of the oxy-fuel combustion unit improves the flexibility of the system in the intraday stage. The simulation results of Oxy-IES show that the proposed strategy can improve the flexibility and economy performance of the IES while reducing carbon emissions. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress of three-dimensional functional skin model construction in vitro LI Yang, XI Taotao, ZHANG Bo, et al Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2024, 20 (2): 240-.   Abstract （755）      PDF（pc） （1034KB）（5333）       Knowledge map    Save Tissue engineering technology has been widely used in tissue and organ repair and has become an important method of regenerative medicine technique. The appearance of tissue engineering skin provides a new method for the treatment of large-area cutaneous defect in clinic. Because of the complicated skin-structure， it is an enormous challenge to building a functional three-dimensional skin tissue engineering model to simulate or replace the original skin. Based on this， from the aspects of cell types and sources， techniques， types， applications and prospects of skin tissue engineering models， the latest progress of in vitro 3D functional skin tissue model construction was reviewed in order to provide a theoretical basis for the construction of ideal skin tissue model. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Power Materials and Technology for Aerospace SHANG Yanxin, QU Wenjie, REN Xuening, LU Hongbo, DU Wei, LI Li, WU Feng, CHEN Renjie Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (6): 12-28.   Abstract （1890）      PDF（pc） （4146KB）（4872）       Knowledge map    Save The aerospace power subsystem, known as its “energy heart”, is responsible for key tasks such as efficient storage and accurate conversion of electrical energy. Its operational stability affects the smooth operation and overall effectiveness of each subsystem of the spacecraft. The increasing complexity of space missions and the intensification of extreme space environments have led to the need for continuous technological innovation and performance upgrades of power systems. Based on this, in this study, the materials and technologies development trends of solar cells, chemical batteries and other devices were reviewed domestically and abroad from the perspective of extreme environments, including radiation, alternating temperatures and high vacuum. Besides, the key challenges of power devices in the extreme aerospace environment were analyzed, and the potential aerospace mission application prospects were envisioned. This review provides a reference and inspiration for promoting the research and development of advanced aerospace power materials. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review of Multi-Sensor Data Fusion for Target Tracking TANG Shengjing, WANG Taiyan, ZHAO Ganglian, GUO Jie, LI Jiali, YIN Hang（ Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (4): 18-29.   Abstract （1740）      PDF（pc） （1875KB）（4047）       Knowledge map    Save With the increasing complexity of target-tracking scenarios, single-sensor detection systems cannot satisfy the practical requirements of target tracking. Multi-sensor data fusion technology has thus become an important solution for target tracking in complex scenarios. This paper reviewed the basic principles and research status of two key processes in multi-sensor data fusion: data association and estimating fusion. The relevant research on applying artificial intelligence technologies such as neural networks and reinforcement learning in multi-sensor data fusion was introduced. Finally, the development of multi-sensordata fusion methods in the field of target tracking was prospected. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Bronchial Asthma （2024 Edition） ZHOU Yan, ZHANG Min Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2025, 24 (04): 415-422.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2025.04.008 Abstract （2074）   HTML （78）    PDF（pc） （509KB）（4003）       Knowledge map    Save According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data for 2021, the global age-standardized prevalence of asthma is 3 340.1/100 000, with a total of about 260 million patients, a mortality rate of 5.2/100 000, and 436 000 deaths. A 2012-2015 survey conducted in China shows that the prevalence of wheezing-related asthma among people aged 20 and above is 4.2%, with a total of about 45.7 million patients. However, the diagnosis rate is only 28.8%, and the control rate is only 28.5%, far below the international level, highlighting the urgent need for better asthma management and intervention. In March 2024, the Chinese Thoracic Society (CTS) released the Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Bronchial Asthma (2024 Edition) (hereinafter referred to as the "2024 Guidelines"). For diagnostic pathways, the 2024 Guidelines improve the diagnostic criteria for asthma, emphasizing the evidence for variable expiratory airflow (such as bronchodilator tests, provocation tests, etc.). A "presumptive diagnosis pathway" is proposed for primary care and resource-limited medical institutions to improve the diagnosis rate and avoid overtreatment. In terms of staging and classification, the concept of "clinical remission" is introduced, defined as being asymptomatic for ≥1 year without the need for systemic glucocorticoid therapy. The classification of "intermittent state" is eliminated, and asthma severity is now simplified into three levels—mild, moderate and severe—with a dynamic assessment model proposed. The assessment system newly includes a type 2 inflammatory phenotype assessment, recommending the measurement of biomarkers such as peripheral blood eosinophil count (EOS) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) to guide individualized treatment, while also emphasizing comorbidity screening and risk factor assessment. In terms of treatment strategies, a stepwise management approach is used for chronic persistent treatment, with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-formoterol recommended as the preferred reliever (Pathway 1) to reduce the risk of acute exacerbations. The management of severe asthma emphasizes the use of biological targeted drugs, such as anti-IgE and anti-interleukin (IL)-5 monoclonal antibodies, while the treatment of acute exacerbations is recommended based on the severity level. Despite the significant progress made in the 2024 Guidelines, challenges remain. Epidemiological data on asthma in China are outdated, highlighting the urgent need for nationwide surveys to reflect the latest disease burden. Diagnosis rates in primary care are low, and inflammation assessment and dynamic mana-gement are insufficient, requiring strengthened capacity building at the primary care level. Real-world data on biologics in China are limited, restricting their application in precision therapy. The application of information technology in asthma management is still at an exploratory stage, and technologies like 5G should be leveraged to enhance patient education and follow-up efficiency. In the future, asthma prevention and treatment in China need to further optimize strategies for early diagnosis and early treatment, dynamically identify inflammatory phenotypes, establish drug response prediction models, and promote AI-assisted diagnosis and treatment to achieve more precise management. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Renewable Energy Consumption Strategies of Power System Integrated with Electric Vehicle Clusters Based on Load Alignment and Deep Reinforcement Learning LIU Yanhang, QIAO Ruyu, LIANG Nan, CHEN Yu, YU Kai, WU Hanxiao Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2025, 59 (10): 1464-1475.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.529 Abstract （1744）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （3345KB）（3854）       Knowledge map    Save As China accelerates the construction of power systems with renewable energy as the mainstay, the large-scale integration of renewables has led to prominent issues such as wind and light curtailment. To improve the utilization of new energy consumption in power systems, this paper proposes a novel renewable energy consumption method based on load alignment and deep reinforcement learning. First, it proposes a node load line formation model based on linearized power flow calculations, which can guide adjustable loads to shift the electricity consumption period, thereby promoting the improvement of new energy consumption. Unlike the direct current (DC) power flow model, the proposed alternating current (AC) model accounts for voltage constraints and other related constraints of the power system. Compared with other AC power flow models, this model linearizes all nonlinear constraints and has lower computational costs. Then, this paper constructs a market framework for load alignment mechanism. The framework involves three main entities: independent system operators, regional power grid sellers, and electric vehicle adjustable load aggregators. It also explores the solution for load alignment incentive prices using electric vehicle clusters as adjustable loads. As the solution of the load benchmark incentive price involves a master-slave game between three entities, conventional mathematical analysis methods face high complexity. Therefore, it employs deep reinforcement learning algorithm to solve the problem. The deep reinforcement learning algorithm takes the marginal electricity price of each node as state space, the load benchmark incentive price as action space, and the cost of regional power grid sellers as feedback. The agent can find the load line incentive price that maximizes the benefits of regional power grid sellers after continuous training. Finally, the example analysis shows that the load alignment mechanism not only effectively promotes the improvement of new energy consumption level, but also enhances the interests of independent system operators, regional power grid sellers, and electric vehicle aggregators. The results further confirm that the deep reinforcement learning algorithm maximizes the benefits of regional power grid sellers. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress of Resin Matrix Composites for Air Defense Missiles CHEN Xue, ZHU Longyu, XUE Qinyang, WANG Kexiang, HAN Zhilin, LUO Chuyang Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (6): 76-95.   Abstract （2123）      PDF（pc） （3146KB）（3808）       Knowledge map    Save Lightweight design is a dominant development trend in advanced air defense missile systems. Resin matrix composites, with the advantages of being lightweight, high strength, high-temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, and designable, play a key role in promoting the lightweight design of missiles. This paper has reviewed the research progress and current applications of thermoset and thermoplastic composites in air defense missiles. It comprehensively provides an overview of the application progress and development prospects of resin matrix composites in typical missile components, offering insights into the future development of these materials. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Short-Term Carbon Emission Accounting Method for Power Industry Using Electricity Data Based on a Combined Model of CNN and LightGBM ZENG Jincan, HE Gengsheng, LI Yaowang, DU Ershun, ZHANG Ning, ZHU Haojun Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2025, 59 (6): 746-757.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.382 Abstract （2981）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （6089KB）（3715）       Knowledge map    Save The electric power industry plays a pivotal role in carbon emission control. Accurate and real-time accounting of carbon emissions in the power industry is essential for supporting the carbon reduction of the power industry. At present, the measurement of carbon emissions in the power industry relies mainly on direct measurement or the accounting methods, which often struggles to balance low measurement costs with real-time accuracy. Therefore, in this paper, the robust power data infrastructure in the power industry is leveraged and the correlation between electricity consumption and carbon emissions is explored to propose a short-term electricity-to-carbon method using machine learning methods based on historical data of electricity. This method utilizes convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for feature extraction, and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) for carbon emission estimation based on extracted features. Moreover, K-fold cross-validation is used in model training, with parameter optimization using grid search to enhance the generalization capability and robustness of the model. To validate the proposed method, it is compared with other machine learning models under the same data segmentation condition for daily and hourly data sets. The results indicate that the proposed model outperforms other models in both performance evaluation and the consistency between estimated and target values. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Review of Studies on Translation and Dissemination of Ethnological Works in China: Status Quo, Reflection, and Prospect WANG Jing Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (3): 43-53.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.03.005 Abstract （713）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （1347KB）（3566）       Knowledge map    Save Chinese ethnology is a discipline introduced from the West and its establishment and development have been closely intertwined with the translation and dissemination of ethnological works in China. This paper first briefly outlines the Chinese translation history of ethnological works since the beginning of the 20th century and then investigates and analyzes the existing studies related to the Chinese translation of ethnological works respectively in translation studies community and ethnology community. It is found that the translation studies community primarily focuses on studies of translation history and ethnological translators, while the ethnology community’s research achievements are concentrated on bibliographic compilations and the descriptions of translation facts in disciplinary history. Based on the literature review and analysis, this paper reflects on the limitations of existing studies in terms of quality, scope, and perspective, and looks into the future research direction from the dimensions of macro-research, micro-research, academic environment, and academic responsibility. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of the updated international guidelines for groin hernia management (2023) XU Jing, ZHUANG Qiulin, DONG Ruizhao, YANG Ziang Journal of Surgery Concepts & Practice    2024, 29 (04): 316-322.   DOI: 10.16139/j.1007-9610.2024.04.08 Abstract （1129）   HTML （49）    PDF（pc） （966KB）（3544）       Knowledge map    Save Since the International guidelines for groin hernia management were published in 2018, many new evidences have been published. In October 2023, the HerniaSurge Group published Update of the international HerniaSurge guidelines for groin hernia management. It updated eight chapters of the last guidelines, proposed 20 key questions, and 39 new statements and 32 recommendations, of which 16 were strong recommendations. This article combined clinical concerns to sort out and interpret the updated version. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Discourse/Language Analysis: An Interdisciplinary Perspective——A Conference Review of the Third “Sun Yat-Sen Forum on Discourse Analysis” NIU Wenpei Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (3): 173-184.   Abstract （451）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （1364KB）（3514）       Knowledge map    Save “Sun Yat-Sen Forum on Discourse Analysis” is an academic forum organized by the Language Studies Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in 2022. It is held each year in mid-April. The third “Sun Yat-Sen Forum on Discourse Analysis” was successfully held from April 13-14, 2024 at Yilin Holiday Hotel of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. The theme of the forum is: “Discourse/Language Analysis: A Cross-Disciplinary Perspective.” Nineteen (19) famous keynote speakers at home and abroad have given a variety of keynote speeches on this topic, including parallel forums, covering literature, philosophy, anthropology, management, computer science, artificial intelligence, clinical medicine, corpus linguistics, sociolinguistics, neurolinguistics, functional linguistics, applied linguistics and other fields, fully demonstrating the practice of discourse analysis in interdisciplinary subjects. This brought a rich academic experience to the participants and provided excellent academic exchange opportunities for building a multi-disciplinary discourse analysis platform. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis and interpretation of the 2022 Global Cancer Statistics Report： cancer burden and epidemiological trends in China and the world WU Qi, FAN Bonan, LI Yan Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2025, 24 (02): 135-145.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2025.02.004 Abstract （2926）   HTML （135）    PDF（pc） （1203KB）（3304）       Knowledge map    Save In February 2024, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) released the 2022 Global Cancer Statistics Report. In 2022, there were nearly 20 million new cancer cases and 9.7 million deaths. The report provides statistics on the incidence and mortality of 36 different types of cancer in 185 countries around the world, analyzing geographic, gender-based, and Human Development Index (HDI)-related differences. It also predicts the global burden of cancer disease by 2050. Demographic forecasts suggest that by 2050, the number of new cancer cases worldwide is expected to reach 35 million annually-an increase of 77% compared to 2022. Geographically, cancer incidence and mortality rates show significant regional disparities. In 2022, nearly half (49.2%) of the world's new cases and the majority (56.1%) of cancer deaths occurred in Asia. In terms of gender distribution, the overall cancer incidence and mortality rate among females were lower than those among males in 2022. With respect to HDI, the risk of developing cancer increases with higher HDI levels. In 2022, the top 5 newly diagnosed cancer cases worldwide are lung cancer, female breast cancer cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer in turn. There were nearly 2.5 million new lung cancer cases and over 1.8 million related deaths. Breast cancer in women accounted for 2.3 million new cases and nearly 670 000 deaths. Colorectal cancer, including anal cancer, had more than 1.9 million new cases and over 900 000 deaths. Prostate cancer recorded 1.5 million new cases and nearly 400 000 deaths. There were nearly 970 000 newly-diagnosed cases of gastric cancer and 660 000 related deaths. In China in 2022, lung cancer still ranks first in the cancer incidence spectrum in China, accounting for 22.0% of the total new cases of cancer in China. This proportion has further increased compared to 2018 data (17.9%), followed by colorectal cancer (10.7%), thyroid cancer (9.7%), liver cancer (7.6%), and gastric cancer (7.4%), which account for more than half of the total new cases in China (57.4%). This paper reviews the data sources and statistical methods used in the report, interprets the epidemiological trends of major cancer types, and analyzes the incidence and burden of major cancers prevalent in China, provi-ding an overview of their disease burden and epidemiological trends. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Current Status and Development of Foreign Patrol Air Defense Weapons MEI Zhiwei, YU Huimin, LIU Xiaolei, ZHANG Zilun, LING Li Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (3): 40-45.   Abstract （788）      PDF（pc） （7899KB）（3259）       Knowledge map    Save The traditional cruise missiles have been typically used to carry out ground and sea combat missions. In recent years, under the continuous promotion of military requirements and technology, the application of cruise missiles in air defense operations has developed rapidly. Since the United States dominates the military power, it has launched a series of demonstration and verification projects using cruise air defense weapons, and a few of them have achieved operational combat capabilities, which could become an important part of the future air defense equipment system and profoundly change the future combat style. This paper has comprehensively analyzed the current development status of foreign cruise air defense weapons and sorted out the key technologies that need to be resolved. It then proposed the future development directions for patrol air defense weapons. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Advances of facial skin typing methods  CHEN Zixuan, ZHANG Zheng, ZHANG Yixin Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2024, 20 (3): 378-.   Abstract （401）      PDF（pc） （954KB）（3228）       Knowledge map    Save Skin typing is a common method for describing skin characteristics. Traditional skin typing methods （such as the Fitzpatrick Skin Phototype and Baumann Skin Typing） have their own advantages and disadvantages. However， the above skin typing methods rely on subjective judgement， lacking quantitative analysis of skin objective parameters. In recent years， the measurement technology of objective parameters such as sebum secretion and transepidermal water loss has made great progress， making it possible to describe skin types with objective parameters. Additionally， image recognition technology based on facial photos can extract facial skin features and provide a basis for skin typing. This article reviewed subjective skin typing methods， skin objective parameter detection， and skin analysis technology based on image recognition， and discussed the development process of skin typing from qualitative-quantitative-visualization， in order to provide a theoretical basis for objective and precise skin typing in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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New Pathways in Translation History Research from a Microhistorical Perspective: A Review of Dialogue between the Dragon and the Lion XU Wensheng, WAN Ju Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (2): 163-175.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.02.015 Abstract （1032）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （1342KB）（3097）       Knowledge map    Save Currently, research in translation history has seen a shift from traditional “a view from above” methods to “a view from below” microhistorical perspective. Translation history research integrates both history and translation without bias or neglect to either. The Macartney Mission’s visit to China in 1792, marking the first official communication between Chinese and British officials, had profound and far-reaching impacts. Yet, the significant role of translation in this event and the communication issues it presented are little known and deserve recognition. Dialogue between the Dragon and the Lion meticulously unravels the visit from a translation history perspective, drawing on a wealth of precious archives and new materials, showcasing the importance of translation in modern Chinese diplomatic activities. The book is rich in data and rigorous in argumentation, offering new insights into many aspects of the Mission and filling existing research gaps. It not only re-examines and reconstructs the historical memory of the Mission but also represents an innovative integration in translation history research. Breaking disciplinary barriers in terms of source material utilization, research perspectives, and methodologies, the book reflects and integrates with each other, providing significant references and models for modern Chinese translation history and Sino-British diplomatic history research. It offers insights and elucidations that are conducive to advancing the depth of research in Chinese translation history. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Corpus Assisted Approach to Discourse Analysis of Textbooks: A Case Study of College English Textbooks PAN Chengjun Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (4): 83-94.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.04.008 Abstract （717）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （1525KB）（3093）       Knowledge map    Save This paper adopts the methods of combining critical discourse analysis with corpus linguistics, quantitative and qualitative comparison between local textbooks and global textbooks, discusses cultural representation in College English textbooks, and analyzes its impact on cultural representation from the perspective of register type and language characteristics, so as to clarify the differences in structural features and social attributes of language textbooks under different social and cultural backgrounds and guiding ideology. The results show that the local materials reflect the relational thinking of Chinese philosophical thought in terms of subject matter and help to construct foreign language learners’ identities by bringing them closer to learners through dialogical genres and micro-level linguistic features, thereby recontextualizing the language materials in the local materials. On the other hand, local textbooks can be further expanded in terms of subject matter, knowledge, and international perspectives, and they also need to work on how to build China’s image and tell China’s story at the level of national consciousness. This study has implications for the writing, evaluation, and adaptation of foreign language textbooks in the new era. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Study of Black Female Images in Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon WANG Yukuo, WANG Meng Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (2): 153-162.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.02.014 Abstract （764）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （1320KB）（3055）       Knowledge map    Save The impact of feminism over black American women writers since 1970s has made them reconsider the racial issues as well as the problems among black people, focusing especially on the racial discriminations and gender oppressions against black women. Toni Morrison, the representative figure, is not pleased with the existing images of black women, and has created multiple, and dimensionally sophisticated female characters in Song of Solomon, which challenges not only the stereotyped black women images, but also broadens the boundaries of (black) feminist thought, and enriches (black) feminist literary criticism. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Innovative Solutions for High-Performance Silicon Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Overcoming Challenges and Real-World Applications Mustafa Khan, Suxia Yan, Mujahid Ali, Faisal Mahmood, Yang Zheng, Guochun Li, Junfeng Liu, Xiaohui Song, Yong Wang Nano-Micro Letters    2024, 16 (1): 179-.   DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01388-3 Abstract （351）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （6519KB）（3035）       Knowledge map    Save Silicon (Si) has emerged as a potent anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but faces challenges like low electrical conductivity and significant volume changes during lithiation/delithiation, leading to material pulverization and capacity degradation. Recent research on nanostructured Si aims to mitigate volume expansion and enhance electrochemical performance, yet still grapples with issues like pulverization, unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) growth, and interparticle resistance. This review delves into innovative strategies for optimizing Si anodes’ electrochemical performance via structural engineering, focusing on the synthesis of Si/C composites, engineering multidimensional nanostructures, and applying non-carbonaceous coatings. Forming a stable SEI is vital to prevent electrolyte decomposition and enhance Li+ transport, thereby stabilizing the Si anode interface and boosting cycling Coulombic efficiency. We also examine groundbreaking advancements such as self-healing polymers and advanced prelithiation methods to improve initial Coulombic efficiency and combat capacity loss. Our review uniquely provides a detailed examination of these strategies in real-world applications, moving beyond theoretical discussions. It offers a critical analysis of these approaches in terms of performance enhancement, scalability, and commercial feasibility. In conclusion, this review presents a comprehensive view and a forward-looking perspective on designing robust, high-performance Si-based anodes the next generation of LIBs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Detection of Roadside Vehicle Parking Violations Under Random Horizontal Camera Condition ZHAN Zehui, ZHONG Ming’en, YUAN Bingan, TAN Jiawei, FAN Kang Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2025, 59 (10): 1568-1580.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.578 Abstract （763）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （46166KB）（3004）       Knowledge map    Save Investigation and punishment of vehicle parking violations is important in urban traffic management. Considering the time-consuming and labor-intensive nature of manual law enforcement, as well as the limited scope of fixed camera monitoring and detecting, exploring more flexible and efficient automatic detection methods has a great practical significance. Thus, a cruise detection technology is proposed, which is suitable for mobile carriers requiring no stopping and can be completed in a single pass. First, a vehicle parking violation image dataset named XMUT-VPI is collected and constructed under the conditions of approximate horizontal views and random shooting angles, laying a data foundation for the research. Then, a multitask parking network (MTPN) is constructed as an encoder to extract the key element information required for stop violation judgment. With the aid of the self-designed deformable large kernel feature aggregation module (DLKA-C2f) and cross-task interaction attention mechanism (CTIAM), a highest average detection accuracy of 90.3%, a minimum average positioning error of 4.4%, and a suboptimal average segmentation intersection ratio accuracy of 78.5% are achieved. Finally, an efficient decoder is designed to further extract the skeleton features of the parking space line and fit the visible area of the main parking space, which helps match the target vehicle and analyzes the positional condition between its tire ground-touching points and the main parking space. In addition, a judgment principle is provided for three typical behaviors of illegal parking, improper parking, and standardized parking. Experimental results show that the algorithm attains a comprehensive accuracy rate of 98.1% for vehicle parking violation detections across diverse complex interference scenarios, which outperforms existing mainstream methods and can provide technical supports for fully automate road cruise management of parking violatic. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on New Aerospace Defense Technologies Inspired by the Threat of Starlink System GU Cunfeng, YANG Yang, YANG Bowen, QIANG Jiajiu, JIA Yuhang Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (2): 8-15.   Abstract （808）      PDF（pc） （1781KB）（2975）       Knowledge map    Save As a core technique for the US military's layout of the aerospace battlefield, the Starlink system will likely subvert the current operational model and break the balance of major powers by penetrating reconnaissance, command, striking, assessment, support and other operational links. This paper has reviewed the basic attributes, development status and capability characteristics of the Starlink system, analyzed its future operational application model referring to the Russia-Ukraine conflict cases, evaluated the threat of Starlink under the future aerospace situation, and proposed targeted new aerospace defense technology. It thus provides the references for the construction of aerospace security under the impact of Starlink. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Advances in study on the diagnosis and treatment of small intestinal diseases in 2023 ZHANG Shuowen, GU Yubei Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (02): 119-125.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.02.004 Abstract （1129）   HTML （36）    PDF（pc） （964KB）（2974）       Knowledge map    Save In 2023, multiple important discoveries and breakthroughs have been made in the field of small intestine diseases, and database-based global epidemiological study on small intestinal cancer was first released. It showed that the global incidence rate of small intestinal cancer in 2020 was 0.6/100 000, which was on an upward trend compared with the average incidence rate from 2010 to 2020 (average annual change percentage in different continents, 2.20% to 21.67%). The burden of small intestinal cancer was geographic disparity, and age-standardized incidence rate (1.4/100 000) was highest in North America. The incidence rate of small intestinal cancer in China was 0.32/100 000 for men and 1.95/100 000 for women. Risk factors for small bowel cancer (β = 0.008 to 0.198; OR = 1.07 to 10.01) included higher human development index and gross domestic product; smoking and drinking habits; lack of exercise, obesity, diabetes, and lipid metabolism disorders; history of inflammatory bowel diseases. Therapeutically, the combined use of sulindac and erlotinib has been effective in reducing the polyp burden in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. For Crohn’s disease in the small intestine, in terms of software, AI-assisted endoscopic recognition has been proven to reduce misdiagnosis ，improving medical quality. In terms of hardware, the electric spiral enteroscopy is a double-edged sword. Although it has a higher rate of completing entire small intestine examination, it cannot be widely used in clinical practice until its safety is fully guaranteed. In terms of drugs, with the in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, targeted therapy for the inflammatory process has gradually become a research hotspot. Clinical data on small-molecule agents such as upadacitinib and filgotinib are continuously accumulating. In terms of surgery, the latest evidence supports that surgery may become a first-line treatment for specific Crohn’s disease. The diagnosis and treatment of small intestine bleeding are also continuously improving. Thalidomide, as a drug used to treat small intestine bleeding caused by capillary malformations, has brought good news to a large number of patients. In addition, the surgical treatment for small intestine obstruction is gradually being updated, and there are now more accurate prediction models for treatment decisions in patients with small intestine obstruction. Looking ahead, with the continuous development and innovation of medical technology, and artificial intelligence, the diagnosis and treatment of small intestinal diseases will become more precise and efficient. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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New Perspective on Translation Quality Assessment in Translation Teaching: An Industry Assessment Model CHENG Shuang, ZHANG Yushuang Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (5): 45-56.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.05.005 Abstract （985）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （1540KB）（2940）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Development and Combat System of Air Defense Suppression Equipment XIONG Jian, ZHANG Shunjia, WANG Shichao, KANG Zhenliang, ZHENG Xinyi Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (4): 73-80.   Abstract （663）      PDF（pc） （2837KB）（2931）       Knowledge map    Save The modern air battlefield environment is increasingly showing high complexity and high confrontation, and the importance of air defense suppression operations in air control cannot be overstated. Firstly, this paper has reviewed the composition of equipment in U.S. and Russian advanced air defense systems. Based on the Observe-Orient-Decide-Act ring theory, the US military air defense suppression is decomposed and analyzed. Then, the advanced air defense suppression weapons such as anti-radiation missiles, anti-radiation UAVs and electronic warfare aircraft were elaborated. The typical combat styles and tactics were summarized by referring to the combat cases of air defense suppression in modern wars. Finally, focusing on the technical difficulties faced by air defense suppression weapons and the development trends of combat strategies, development suggestions were proposed in the aspects of weapon platform development, collaborative networking technology, and systematic operations. This study presents significant reference in the construction of China’s air defense suppression combat system. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development Status and Trend of Countermeasure Technology of Airborne Active Protection System BI Peng, CHEN Yongpeng, ZHU Wensheng, ZHANG Chaofei, YUAN Dazhong, LYU Ruiheng Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (4): 67-72.   Abstract （475）      PDF（pc） （4097KB）（2920）       Knowledge map    Save In the current battlefield, the establishment of the airborne terminal active protection system is a practical way to improve the survivability of military aircraft. Acting as the final action link of the strike chain, the damage unit’s effectiveness dominates the operation efficiency of the active protection system. Considering the antagonistic principle of the airborne active protection system, this paper reviewed the development status of the airborne active protection system, proposed a general design concept of building the integrated active protection system with soft and hard cooperation, and offered ideas and suggestions for developing active protection system countermeasure technology from the perspective of soft and hard damages. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of 2024 American Diabetes Association’s Standards of Care in Diabetes — diabetes diagnosis and classification LI Yanbing Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (05): 467-473.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.05.002 Abstract （2059）   HTML （65）    PDF（pc） （932KB）（2915）       Knowledge map    Save Diabetes is a common chronic disease, which has caused a significant health and economic burden worldwide. Diabetes is highly heterogeneous. Accurate diagnosis and classification are the premises to achieve standardized and accurate treatment of diabetes and improve the clinical outcomes of patients. Recently, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) issued the 2024 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. In the chapter on diabetes diagnosis and classification, the latest developments have been taken into account, with recommended approaches for the differential diagnosis of atypical diabetes, screening, diagnosis, and follow-up processes of different types of diabetes. This article interprets this section of the guidelines to provide a reference for healthcare professionals in the endocrine field in China for the accurate diagnosis, classification, and individualized treatment of diabetes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Transient Modeling and Characteristic Comparative Analysis of Grid-Forming VSC with and Without Current Control REN Xiancheng, LI Shangzhi, LI Yingbiao, HU Jiabing, XU Taishan, BAO Yanhong, WU Feng Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2025, 59 (7): 971-982.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.416 Abstract （1963）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （2357KB）（2857）       Knowledge map    Save As the support capacity of renewable energy generation equipment for the power grid needs enhancement, grid-forming control has attracted extensive attention, among which the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) has emerged as a key research frontier and is already being applied in engineering demonstration. Voltage source converter (VSC) with VSG as the synchronization link can be classified into voltage and current dual loop control and direct voltage control according to whether there is a current control loop in the structure. The difference in the two control structures has a significant impact on the transient characteristics of VSC. To study the difference between transient characteristics of two kinds of VSCs, the transient models are developed based on the “power excitation-internal voltage response” model, and the formation mechanism of internal voltage and transient characteristics are comparatively analyzed. Since the VSG simulates the operation characteristics of the synchronous machine, the equivalent inertia and equivalent damping of the VSC are analytically obtained at the electromechanical scale, and their transient behaviors are compared. It is found that the equivalent inertia and damping of a VSC with direct voltage control remain constant, while those of a VSC with voltage and current dual loop control exhibit time-varying characteristics and are numerically smaller than of the direct voltage control system. Finally, the validity of the theoretical analysis is confirmed by electromagnetic transient simulation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Comparative Study of Translator Styles in the English Translations of The Three-Body Trilogy from the Perspective of Transknowletology JIN Shengxi, LI Haoyu Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (4): 145-157.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.04.013 Abstract （880）   HTML （23）    PDF（pc） （1350KB）（2802）       Knowledge map    Save From the perspective of Transknowletology, the paper conducts a comparative analysis of the translator styles exhibited by Ken Liu and Joel Martinsen in the process of globalizing and reconstructing local Chinese science fiction knowledge. The study constructs a self-built corpus of the English translations ofThe Three-Body Problem and The Dark Forest and employs Multidimensional Analysis method combined with text close reading. It is found that both translators adhere to the general organizational form of knowledge typical to science fiction literature, yet significant differences exist in terms of narrative concerns and informational elaboration in the two translations. The fundamental cause of these stylistic differences lies in their distinct translation philosophies: Ken Liu leans towards “cross-linguistic modulation and intercultural dialogue in knowledge translation”, while Joel Martinsen is more inclined towards “translation as an intermediary for knowledge world-sharing”. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Advances in research on the risk factors and pathogenesis of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease SHAO Xinlin, ZHU Xuemei, CAO Hua Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (02): 202-209.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.02.015 Abstract （1597）   HTML （32）    PDF（pc） （1728KB）（2766）       Knowledge map    Save Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is a group of lung diseases caused by connective tissue diseases, with an incidence ranging from 10% to 50% and a mortality rate as high as 20%. The clinical manifestations and imaging features are heterogeneous. However, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Exploring the risk factors and pathogenesis is crucial for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis management of CTD-ILD. The risk factors for CTD-ILD are diverse. Firstly,genetic factors play an important role in pathogenesis. Mutation rate of telomere-related genes (including TERT, RTEL1, PARN, and SFTPC) in CTD-ILD patients is three times as high as that of general population. The risk of developing CTD-ILD in patients with the mutation in MUC5B promoter is more than twice that of normal people. The mutations in the TOLLIP and HLA-DRB1 are also associated with increased disease susceptibility. In addition, medications used to treat CTD may also increase the risk of developing ILD. Approximately one-third of CTD-ILD patients also suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease. Chronic smoking and exposure to air pollution may also increase the incidence of CTD-ILD. CTD-ILD patients with infections have a higher risk of severe outcomes (OR 1.34-2.73) and increased mortality risk (OR 1.2-4.3). The pathogenesis of CTD-ILD involves the abnormality of the immune system, which is mainly manifested in the production of autoantibodies (such as systemic sclerosis-related antibodies and myositis-specific antibodies), the dysfunction of immune cells (such as neutrophils, natural killer cells, Th2 and Th17) and the extensive release of cytokines (such as TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-6 and IL-8), which exist in more than 50% of CTD-ILD patients. The risk factors and pathogenesis of CTD-ILD are complex. Risk prediction model based on these factors may help identify high-risk individuals accurately, which can provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of the disease, improve the long-term prognosis of patients. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review of Research on Software-Defined System Technologies ZHANG Tao, ZHANG Long, ZHANG Guoqun, JIA Guifen, SUN Junge Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (2): 1-7.   Abstract （665）      PDF（pc） （756KB）（2704）       Knowledge map    Save Missile weapon equipment is currently characterized by a trend towards technology-intensive, diverse mission specifications, and complex functionalities. Faced with high-speed technological iterations, the conventional approach of independent development using a single specification suffers from disadvantages such as high development costs, low technological reusability, tight coupling of components, and complex system interconnections. This study focuses on the emerging software-defined system technology, providing a summary of critical sub-technologies including open software-defined system architecture, model-driven plus software-defined system development, software-defined system application service management framework, payload rapid access management based on software-defined, and software-defined elastic network. This study also elaborated on the development status and deficiencies of relevant technologies and analyzed the development trend of software-defined system technology in our country, thus providing a reference for breakthroughs in related technological challenges in missile weapon equipment. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for congenital melanocytic nevi LI Dongdong, WANG Bin Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2024, 20 (2): 254-.   Abstract （695）      PDF（pc） （1226KB）（2686）       Knowledge map    Save Congenital melanocytic nevus is a common skin developmental abnormality that can occur in any part of the body where melanocytes are present. Its occurrence is closely related to somatic cell mutations， regulated by multiple signaling pathways， and has diverse clinical manifestations. Surgical excision and dilator are still the main treatments for CMN， and laser therapy is a powerful mean to eliminate pigmentation and remove satellite lesions. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are becoming a new direction for the treatment of congenital melanin giant nevi. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Advances in study on diagnosis and treatment of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy LIU Hongjiang, XIE Qibing Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (03): 270-277.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.03.004 Abstract （2143）   HTML （38）    PDF（pc） （935KB）（2601）       Knowledge map    Save Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is a significant, subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy（IIM）, characterized by symmetrical proximal limb muscle weakness and markedly elevated serum creatine kinase levels. Some patients may also exhibit extra-skeletal muscle manifestations, including rashes, interstitial lung disease, and myocardial involvement. Since its international nomenclature in 2003, IMNM has gained increasing recognition among researchers and clinicians, leading to numerous scientific investigations and clinical applications. The incidence and prevalence of IMNM can vary across different geographic regions and ethnic groups. A small sample survey conducted in the United States reported an incidence of 0.83 per 100,000 and a prevalence of 1.85 per 100,000. In northern Spain, among patients positive for anti-HMGCR antibodies, the incidence was found to be 0.6 per 100,000, with a prevalence of 3 per 100,000. However, there is a notable paucity of relevant data regarding IMNM in China. Identified risk factors for IMNM include susceptibility alleles (e.g., HLA-DRB1*11), the use of statins or immune checkpoint inhibitors, and viral infections. Diagnosing IMNM requires a comprehensive evaluation that includes assessing muscle involvement symptoms, identifying myositis-specific autoantibodies, measuring creatine kinase levels, analyzing muscle biopsy pathology, and conducting related examinations. Currently, there is a lack of prospective randomized controlled studies on the treatment of IMNM. In clinical practice, glucocorticoids and traditional immunosuppressants are primarily employed on an empirical basis. For refractory cases, treatment regimens may involve rituximab and intravenous human immunoglobulin. Therapeutic strategies targeting B cells and the mechanisms underlying pathogenic autoantibody production may offer promising avenues for future treatment. This article systematically reviews the clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, relevant auxiliary examinations, and treatment strategies for IMNM, aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for clinicians in understanding, diagnosing, and managing this condition. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Concept of Future Intelligent Kill Web RUAN Kaizhi, SUN Xuean, TONG Yun , LIANG Shuo, XU Tianyang Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (3): 27-33.   Abstract （1358）      PDF（pc） （2786KB）（2573）       Knowledge map    Save The battlefield among great power wars drives the direction of high dynamic and high intensity. A single weapon system or its kill chain is difficult to adapt to future wars. As a new operational concept with high dynamics and high flexibility, the kill web has high self-adaptability, high organization and toughness. Through the extremely fast response speed, the commander can complete the combat groupings and the command control, which significantly enhances the decision-making efficiency. Firstly, this paper conducted research aiming at the combat concept of the kill web. Then, it discussed and analyzed the background of the kill chain, the transition from chain to web, basic concepts, typical cases and key technologies. Finally, utilizing intelligent technology, the paper summarized the concept of a future intelligent kill web. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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An Evolutionary Game Approach to Incentive Mechanism of Vehicle-to-Grid PAN Yi, WANG Mingshen, MIAO Huiyu, YUAN Xiaodong, HAN Huachun Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2025, 59 (11): 1637-1646.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.603 Abstract （1817）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （4079KB）（2573）       Knowledge map    Save Electric vehicles (EVs) can provide significant support for the flexible operation of power systems, in which vehicle-to-grid (V2G) mode is an important way for EVs to participate in the frequency and voltage regulation of power grids. However, the commercialization of V2G has experienced slow progress to date, and the lack of an effective market operation mechanism makes it difficult for large-scale EVs to participate in the ancillary services of the grid. Therefore, a novel evolutionary game model is proposed with the participation of the electricity regulatory commission, power grid company, and EVs and the impact of the strategic choices of the three parties on the operation of the V2G market is explored to identify the subsidy and pricing mechanisms for the government to facilitate the long-term evolution of the V2G. First, replicator dynamic equations for the game are established to investigate the stability of multiple strategy equilibrium points in the three-party evolutionary game. Then, the Lyapunov stability theory is employed to analyze the stability of these equilibrium points and to determine the subsidy amount to promote V2G development. Next, a simulation analysis is conducted on the actual electricity price data from Shanghai in China, which quantitatively identified the government subsidy coefficient range and electricity price range to incentivize EV participation in the V2G model. The simulation results provide theoretical support for the electricity regulatory commission and power grid company in formulating subsidy and pricing strategies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）