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    China Alzheimer Report 2024
    WANG Gang, QI Jinlei, LIU Xinya, REN Rujing, LIN Shaohui, HU Yisong, LI Haixia, XIE Xinyi, WANG Jintao, LI Jianping, ZHU Yikang, GAO Mengyi, YANG Junjie, WANG Yiran, JING Yurong, GENG Jieli, ZHI Nan, CAO Wenwei, XU Qun, YU Xiaoping, ZHU Yuan, ZHOU Ying, WANG Lin, GAO Chao, LI Binyin, CHEN Shengdi, YUAN Fang, DOU Ronghua, LIU Xiaoyun, LI Xuena, YIN Yafu, CHANG Yan, XU Gang, XIN Jiawei, ZHONG Yanting, LI Chunbo, WANG Ying, ZHOU Maigeng, CHEN Xiaochun, representing the China Alzheimer's Disease Report Writing Group
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (03): 219-256.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.03.001
    Abstract19468)   HTML1499)    PDF(pc) (3389KB)(16979)       Save

    With the sustained growth of economy and significant changes in social demographics, the issue of elderly-related diseases has increasingly drawn attention particularly. Alzheimer's disease (AD),as a representative disease of neurodegenerative diseases has become a major challenge, affecting the health and quality of life among the elderly population severely. In recent years, the incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate of AD increase in China, imposing substantial economic burdens on families, society, and the entire healthcare system. To proactively address this challenge and respond to the national 'Healthy China Action' initiative, leading experts from Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control Center, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Fujian Medical University, and other authoritative institutions, have jointly authored the 'China Alzheimer Disease Report 2024'. Building upon previous editions of 2021, 2022, and 2023, this report updates epidemiological data on AD in China, thoroughly analyzes the latest economic burdens of the disease, and comprehensively evaluates the current status of AD diagnosis and treatment services, as well as the allocation of public health resources in our country. The release of the 'China Alzheimer Disease Report 2024' not only reflects China's progress and efforts in AD research and prevention, but also underscores the social heightened concern for elderly health issues. It aims to provide scientific and technical guidance and robust data support for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of AD, offering a professional basis for the government and relevant departments to formulate targeted health policies and intervention measures. Furthermore, it serves as a platform for promoting academic exchanges and cooperation in this field domestically and internationally. Through the dissemination and application of this report, we anticipate it will not only serve as a reference for professionals but also enhance public awareness of AD, promote active participation across various sectors of society, and jointly advance the development of elderly health care in China, empowering us towards achieving 'healthy aging'.

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    Evaluation of facial injection filling materials for medical aesthetics
    ZHAO Chenyu, LI Chongchong, SUN Xue, et al
    Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2023, 19 (5): 517-.  
    Abstract637)      PDF(pc) (874KB)(7101)       Save
    With economic development and technological progress, the demand for medical aesthetics has increased sig
    nificantly, and medical biomaterials are widely used. It is necessary to further improve the evaluation of their effectiveness and
    safety. At present, the evaluation of its physicochemical properties and biology is adopted in China. However, the clinical effec
    tiveness is a multi-faceted evaluation without unified criteria. Most of the evaluation mainly adopts objective indicators for quan
    titative analysis, while subjective feelings are secondary criteria. In this paper, the main facial fillers and the evaluation methods
    of their physicochemical properties were reviewed.
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    Interpretation of the 2022 edition of “guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis in China”
    XU Bojin, PENG Wenfang, HUANG Shan
    Journal of Surgery Concepts & Practice    2023, 28 (06): 512-519.   DOI: 10.16139/j.1007-9610.2023.06.05
    Abstract2325)   HTML27)    PDF(pc) (889KB)(7092)       Save

    “Guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis in China” (2022) (referred to as the “guidelines”) was officially published in August 2022 in the Chinese Journal of Endocrine Metabolism. These guidelines have been extensively updated from the 2007 version, with 15 sections covering the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hyperthyroidism, as well as the management of specific types of thyrotoxicosis. The new version guidelines proposed 107 recommended opinions supported by stronger evidence, offering comprehensive and reliable guidance for clinical doctors and medical professionals dealing with thyrotoxicosis. This article aimed to extract the key points and recommended strategies from the guidelines to help clinical doctors better understand and apply the latest guiding principles.

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    DNA methylation detection assists early screening and diagnosis of tumors
    LIU Yifei
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (04): 393-401.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.04.011
    Abstract2057)   HTML44)    PDF(pc) (1010KB)(6274)       Save

    DNA methylation is one of the most widely used indicator for early cancer screening. Under the influence of carcinogens, hypermethylation of the promoter region of tumor suppressor genes may lead to downregulation or silencing of gene expression, thereby activating the expression of proto-oncogenes and promoting tumorigenesis. The samples used for DNA methylation detection are mainly exfoliated cells, blood samples and paraffin-embedded tissues. Commonly used detection methods include: methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), nucleic acid mass spectrometry, methylation chip, bisulfite sequencing, next-generation sequencing, etc. Compared with mutation detection, the advantages of DNA methylation detection are that it has higher tumor specificity, more detectable sites, higher signal quality, and can achieve tissue traceability. Currently, it is mainly used clinically for medication guidance for brain glioma, aid in diagnosis and high-risk triage for lung cancer, high-risk triage and recurrence monitoring for bladder cancer, high-risk triage for cervical cancer, and early screening and recurrence monitoring for colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. Before large-scale clinical routine application, accurately positioning of the application scenarios for DNA methylation detection must be considered. For well-tolerated endoscopy, the rigid need of DNA methylation detection for high-risk triage may be reduced. DNA methylation detection plays an important role in assisting in the diagnosis of tumors with low pathological diagnosis sensitivity, tumor monitoring and prognosis assessment. With the standardization of testing procedures and quality management, DNA methylation detection will be more widely used to improve the early screening and diagnostic sensitivity of tumors.

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    Ekphrasis in the Oral Tradition: The Mongolian Epic as an Example
    A Jingsi
    Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2023, 23 (5): 185-192.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2023.05.019
    Abstract387)   HTML3)    PDF(pc) (1431KB)(6025)       Save
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    Summary and interpretation of the World Health Organization “Global Report on Hypertension”
    ZHANG Dongyan, LI Yan
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (03): 297-304.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.03.007
    Abstract3027)   HTML78)    PDF(pc) (945KB)(5581)       Save

    In 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) released the first document of “Global report on hypertension—The race against a silent killer”. which covers the global prevalence and management of hypertension, analyzes the mortality and disease burden caused by hypertension, explores the risk factors for hypertension, evaluates the cost-effectiveness of blood pressure treatment, and presents successful examples of hypertension management in many countries, especially the global implementation of the WHO-launched HEARTS project for hypertension control. Hypertension is a significant global public health challenge with severe health implications. Over the past 30 years, the number of people with hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication) has doubled, rising from 650 million in 1990 to 1.3 billion in 2019. Among the global hypertensive population aged 30-79, approximately 54% have been diagnosed, of which 42% are receiving antihypertensive treatment, and only 21% have controlled blood pressure. In 2019, elevated systolic pressure was responsible for over half of cardiovascular disease deaths globally. Increasing the global hypertension control rate to 50% could prevent 76 million deaths from 2023 to 2050. Population-level risk factors for hypertension include high salt and low potassium intake, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and air pollution. WHO advocates for the prevention and control of hypertension through measures such as reducing dietary sodium intake, increasing potassium intake, limiting alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, increasing physical activity, and improving air quality. In terms of treatment, WHO guidelines recommend antihypertensive medication for individuals with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. For specific populations, it is also recommended to start antihypertensive treatment when systolic blood pressure is between 130-139 mmHg. The use of single-pill combination therapy is also advised to improve adherence and persistence in treatment. The prevalence and management of hypertension in China are also noteworthy. Hypertension is a major cause of mortality and disease burden in the Chinese population. By learning from global successes in hypertension management, China can enhance its efforts in the prevention, control, and monitoring of hypertension, particularly by promoting the application of the HEARTS technical package to improve hypertension management. This report aims to draw attention to major non-communicable diseases, particularly hypertension, as a public health challenge. Through detailed data analysis and successful case studies, the report underscores the importance of hypertension prevention and control, providing scientific evidence for policy-making across countries. This collective effort aims to achieve the global goal of a 25% relative reduction in uncontrolled hypertension prevalence by 2025 compared to 2010. This article will interpret briefly the reports based on the prevalence and management of hypertension in China.

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    The consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of elderly myelodysplastic neoplasm in China (2024)
    MDS Professional Committee of Hematology Branch of Chinese Geriatrics Society
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (03): 285-296.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.03.006
    Abstract2096)   HTML93)    PDF(pc) (1106KB)(5396)       Save

    Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid tumours originating from haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, with a high prevalence in the elderly. Epidemiological surveys in Europe and the United States have revealed that the incidence of MDS is (4-5)/100 000, which increases with age,and the median age at diagnosis of MDS patients reaches 73-76 years. In Shanghai, China, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 diagnostic criteria, the average incidence rate was 1.51/100 000, and the median age of onset of MDS was found to be 62 years old in a survey conducted in 3.9 million people from 2004 to 2007, of which about one-third of the patients would be transformed into acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 53% of the patients would die due to infections, haemorrhages, or comorbidities triggered by cytopenias. Elderly MDS patients have their own characteristics in terms of both treatment choices and disease prognosis due to more comorbidities and weaker health. Clinical characteristics of elderly MDS patients include slightly higher white blood cell count, haemoglobin level and more bone marrow blasts than those of young patients, while neutrophil count and platelet count are significantly higher than those of young patients; the number of mutations in elderly MDS patients is higher, with an average of 1.8 mutations per patient, among which the mutations in ASXL1, TET2, SF3B1, STAG2, SRSF2 and TP53 are more common; while the number of mutations in younger patients averages 1.2 per person, among which U2AF1, ASXL1 and RUNX1 mutations are more common. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the only curative treatment for MDS, and myeloablative transplantation is feasible in young patients, but only reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) allo-HSCT can be performed in elderly patients.The natural course and prognosis of elderly MDS patients varies considerably, and the MDS Composite Prognostic Score, which is composed of the composite age (>70 years old), vulnerability index, and IPSS prognostic subgroups, is able to better predict the tolerance of chemotherapy and adverse treatment effects in MDS patients. This consensus is based on the latest evidence-based data in the study of MDS in the elderly at home and abroad, and has been discussed by the experts of the group, which aims to standardise the diagnosis and the whole management of treatment for elderly MDS patients in China.

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    Urban Target Detection Algorithm Based on Multi-Modal Fusion of UAV
    WANG Jianyuan, CHEN Xiaotong, ZHANG Yue, SUN Junge, SHI Donghao, CHEN Jinbao
    Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (1): 32-39.  
    Abstract1062)      PDF(pc) (1812KB)(5235)       Save
    Using small drones to detect urban targets such as vehicles at low altitudes in cities has gradually become a mainstream means. Given the existing problems of low detection accuracy of single-mode detection networks affected by visible light detection, inability to work at night and the blurred edge of infrared detection targets in actual scenes, this paper has proposed a multi-modal UAV detection algorithm based on image fusion and deep learning network. Firstly, based on the DUT-VTUAV visible-infrared registration data set and TIF image fusion algorithm, a multi-mode fusion data set was built up. Secondly, by comparing the detection accuracy, speed and several parameters of the existing YOLO series network, the lightweight network YOLO v5n which was most suitable for the mobile deployment of UAVs was decided. Finally, a multi-modal fusion detection algorithm was produced by combining an image fusion algorithm and a target detection model. Comparative experiments on vehicle data sets successfully show that compared with single-mode detection, the detection accuracy of the proposed algorithm is effectively increased, with mAP up to 99.6%, and a set of visible-infrared image fusion detection can be completed within 0.3s, indicating the high real-time performance.
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    Research progress on the mechanism of skin aging caused by ultraviolet radiation
    CHEN Heng, WANG Jue, ZHOU Xu
    Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2024, 20 (3): 382-.  
    Abstract416)      PDF(pc) (992KB)(5152)       Save
    Skin exposed to sunlight for a long period of time will have impaired function and even genetic material
    alteration, which is manifested by aging characteristics such as water loss, elasticity loss, wrinkle growth, melanin
    deposition and dryness. There are many ways to cause skin photoaging and the mechanism is complex, the ultraviolet light in
    sunlight has a particularly obvious effect on skin aging, the ultraviolet light that can act on the skin is divided into two kinds:
    UVA and UVB. They mainly act on the skin through five mechanisms that lead to photoaging: oxidative stress, damaging
    genetic material, changing the epidermal microbial community, destroying the function and structure of organelles, and
    reshaping the extracellular matrix (ECM).In this paper, these five mechanisms were reviewed, and research directions and
    prospects in this field were proposed.
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    The Construction of Student-Centered, Harmonious Teacher-Student Relationships Driven by Educator Spirit
    XU Jinfen
    Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (4): 5-15.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.04.001
    Abstract536)   HTML18)    PDF(pc) (1217KB)(5093)       Save

    Under the guidance of spirits of educators, this article firstly explores the contemporary significance and theoretical basis for the construction of harmonious teacher-student relationships. Then, based on the 14 student-centered principles proposed by the American Psychological Association and the semi-structured interview results with university teachers and students from different regions in China, six major characteristics of student-centered harmonious teacher-student relationships are extracted. Finally, guided by these characteristics, specific strategies for building student-centered harmonious relationships between foreign language teachers and students are proposed from five aspects: educational philosophy, teaching methods, learning environment, emotional support, and evaluation system. This article aims to provide references for foreign language teachers from both theoretical and practical perspectives and further promote the healthy development of foreign language education.

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    Trends in global major disease burden and health conditions—interpretation of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021
    FAN Bonan, LI Yan
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (05): 474-483.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.05.003
    Abstract2061)   HTML64)    PDF(pc) (3009KB)(4819)       Save

    The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) analyzed 371 diseases and injuries using 100,983 data sources, estimating years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years, and healthy life expectancy. From 1990 to 2019, the annual rate of change in global all-cause mortality ranged from -0.9% to 2.4%, while deaths increased by 10.8% and 7.5% in 2020 and 2021 respectively due to COVID-19. In 2021, COVID-19 was the second lea-ding cause of death globally, with a mortality rate of 94.0 per 100 000. The mortality rates of other major causes, such as ischemic heart disease and stroke were 108.7 and 87.4 per 100 000, respectively. Global life expectancy rose from 65.5 years in 1990 to 73.3 years in 2019 but dropped to 71.7 years in 2021 due to COVID-19, which reduced life expectancy by 2.2 years, significantly impacting the trend of health improvement. In China, GBD 2021 data shows a significant increase in life expectancy from 1990 to 2021: from 69.9 to 80.7 years for women and from 65.7 to 74.9 years for men. However, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases remain major health threats. In 2021, these diseases had the highest burden among the top ten causes in China, with rising incidence and morta-lity rates. Major health risk factors in China include tobacco, hypertension, and dietary risks. This paper, through the systematic analysis of GBD 2021 data, reveals current trends in disease burden globally and in China, and proposes public health strategy recommendations. China should enhance chronic disease management, improve public health emergency responses, address health inequalities, and promote basic research and international cooperation to improve overall health levels.

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    Review of Autonomous Decision-Making and Planning Techniques for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
    CHENG Haoyu, ZHANG Shuo, LIU Tailai, XU Shengli, HUANG Hanqiao
    Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (1): 6-15.  
    Abstract1006)      PDF(pc) (994KB)(4734)       Save
    Facing the future with a highly dynamic, strong confrontation and rejection combat environment, intelligence level has become the core factor restricting the UAV mission/environment adaptability and combat effectiveness. Focusing on autonomous decision-making and planning technology, which is a difficult, rapidly updated and broad application prospect, the main research achievements and future development direction of autonomous decision-making and planning technology were reviewed. Firstly, the necessity of autonomous decision-making and planning technology research was elaborated based on the development and current situation of unmanned aerial vehicles. Secondly, this study summarized and analyzed the current research results of autonomous decision-making and planning technology. Finally, the development direction of autonomous decision-making and planning technology of UAVs was prospected.
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    Interpretation of the 5th edition of the WHO classification of haematolymphoid tumours on MDS and AML
    YE Xiangjun, LU Xingguo
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (05): 421-428.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.05.002
    Abstract2037)   HTML73)    PDF(pc) (1392KB)(4598)       Save

    In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours (referred to as the 5th ed. WHO classification) based on the accumulated research results and clinical application progress in related fields after the revised 4th Edition of the WHO classification. Myelodysplastic neoplasms/syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the 5th ed. edition of the WHO classification. In practice in WHO classification has major changes from the revised 4th, it is of great significance for clinical disease diagnosis and treatment, as well as disease registration and scientific research. This article is interpreted based on the fifth edition of the classification published in the journal Leukemia and online ahead of print version on the official website of the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

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    Expert consensus on neuroimaging diagnosis of dementia and cognitive impairment (2023)
    Aging and Cognitive Impairment Branch of Shanghai Society of Aging and Degenerative Diseases
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (01): 30-39.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.01.005
    Abstract1339)   HTML19)    PDF(pc) (9441KB)(4157)       Save

    For patients with cognitive impairment as the main clinical manifestation, structural MRI (or CT instead) should be performed first to clarify intracranial lesions and brain atrophy. For patients with specific clinical manifestations, specific MRI sequences is recommended to further assist diagnosis. If the patient is suspected of AD, it is recommended to perform oblique coronal T1WI for MTA grading to score medial temporal lobe atrophy. If the patient is suspected to be caused by vascular factors or special infections (prion proteins), it is recommended to perform diffusion-weighted imaging. If the patient has extrapyramidal symptoms or small vessel disease, especially cerebral amyloid angiopathy or cognitive impairment complicated by diabetes, it is recommended to perform susceptibility-weighted imaging. If a mass is suspicious on MRI, contrast-enhanced MR imaging and MR spectroscopy should be performed. If the patient has amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, it is recommended to perform diffusion tensor imaging. If the patient is suspected to be caused by neurodegenerative diseases, it is recommended to perform 18F-FDG PET and Aβ-PET or tau-PET. Aβ-PET imaging and tau-PET imaging can visualize the degree and scope of pathological protein deposition in the brain, which has important predictive and diagnostic value for dementia and can be used for the differential diagnosis of dementia and staging the disease progression. In addition, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy, and some emerging imaging techniques such as cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space have been studied in patients with cognitive impairment. It is expected that these technologies can be used in the future to better assist the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cognitive impairment. It should be noted that neuroimaging does not represent the complete diagnosis and clinical symptoms of the disease and must be interpreted with caution.

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    New knowledge of prophylaxis and treatment about cancer-associated thrombosis
    DING Yongjie, ZHANG Liu, LI Qingyun
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (04): 323-331.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.04.001
    Abstract806)   HTML24)    PDF(pc) (946KB)(4148)       Save

    Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is the second leading cause of death in cancer patients, second only to the progression of the tumor. It leads to extended hospitalization and re-hospitalization, resulting in a serious social medical burden. Tumor-specific gene mutations such as JAK2, ALK, and KRAS mutations are closely related to the risk of CAT in patients with solid tumors. Patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors have a high risk of CAT, with a 1-year cumulative incidence rate of 10.86%. Therefore, accurate risk assessment is important. The Khorana risk score (KRS) is the first model to assess CAT risk and has been validated in several studies. The new generation models are based on the improvement of KRS, but they have not yet undergone large-scale external verification, such as the Vienna CAT model, PROTECHT model, and CONKO model. Due to the strong correlation between tumors and CAT, several CAT-related prevention guidelines have been established domestically and abroad. All of these guidelines recommend that patients undergo preventive anticoagulation therapy after tumor surgery. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is the most widely used anticoagulant drug to prevent CAT. New oral anticoagulants (NOAC) are also used to prevent CAT, despite the incidence of hemorrhaging increases, the overall benefits to patients outweigh the risks. The strategy for treating CAT is complex. For patients with non-gastrointestinal tumors, NOAC can be used as a first-line drug, while LMWH is recommended for anticoagulation in patients with gastrointestinal tumors. Since CAT patients receive anticoagulation and anti-tumor therapy at the same time, drug interactions need to be considered to avoid drug-induced bleeding, especially the impact of combined medication on NOAC pharmacokinetics. The ideal length of anticoagulation therapy for CAT remains unclear. Guidelines recommend that patients with CAT should indefinitely continue the anticoagulation therapy after completing 3 to 6 months of initial anticoagulation therapy. Therefore, when determining the course of anticoagulation therapy for cancer patients, physicians should evaluate the risk of recurrence of thrombosis and bleeding, and optimize the treatment plan.

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    The Enlightenment for the Development of Anti-UAV Equipment from the Offensive and Defensive Operations of UAVs Between Russian and Ukrainian
    ZHANG Yaoyi, LI Ning
    Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (3): 34-39.  
    Abstract1054)      PDF(pc) (924KB)(4145)       Save
    According to the offensive and defensive operations of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the methods of countering new air threats represented by UAVs in the future were studied. By reviewing the overall situation of the UAVs employed by Russia and Ukraine, the methods of using various UAVs to build an integrated reconnaissance and offensive system on both sides were summarized. From the perspective of responding to the UAV threat, this paper elaborated on the overall overview of the anti-UAV equipment employed by both sides and summarized the methods of building an integrated anti-UAV system using various soft and hard killing methods. According to the practical experience of warfare, considering the development of strong hostile UAVs and anti-UAV equipment such as the US military, enlightenment and suggestions for the future development of anti-UAV equipment were proposed.
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    Analysis of the Development of Foreign Small Loitering Munitions and Their Early Warning System Response Strategy
    LI Chao, LI Hao, SU Haoran
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (3): 58-65.  
    Abstract625)      PDF(pc) (1082KB)(4114)       Save
    The use of small loitering munitions in the Armenia-Azerbaijan and the Russia-Ukraine conflicts has once again driven the interests of global military powers to develop loitering munitions. Taking foreign small loitering munitions as the main research object, this paper has discussed the development history of loitering munitions, including the development status of several typical small loitering munitions and their respective latest development of operational applications, and summarized and compared their performance parameters. According to the study of typical types of operational applications of small loitering munitions and their operational advantages, countermeasure suggestions were proposed for future early warning systems to cope with small loitering munitions operations, thus providing a reference for the construction and development of early warning systems.
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    Research progress of three-dimensional functional skin model construction in vitro
    LI Yang, XI Taotao, ZHANG Bo, et al
    Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2024, 20 (2): 240-.  
    Abstract297)      PDF(pc) (1034KB)(4100)       Save
    Tissue engineering technology has been widely used in tissue and organ repair and has become an important
    method of regenerative medicine technique. The appearance of tissue engineering skin provides a new method for the
    treatment of large-area cutaneous defect in clinic. Because of the complicated skin-structure, it is an enormous challenge to
    building a functional three-dimensional skin tissue engineering model to simulate or replace the original skin. Based on this,
    from the aspects of cell types and sources, techniques, types, applications and prospects of skin tissue engineering models,
    the latest progress of in vitro 3D functional skin tissue model construction was reviewed in order to provide a theoretical basis
    for the construction of ideal skin tissue model.
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    Research on the Progress of US Military Digital Transformation
    ZHANG Xue
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (4): 12-16.  
    Abstract1386)      PDF(pc) (639KB)(3730)       Save
    Digital transformation is strategically required by military transformation. It’s critical to guarantee the reform of military concepts and plays an indispensable link in winning future wars using intelligent technology. To maintain the war advantage, the US military has been actively promoting its digital transformation during the transition of the fourth industrial revolution. This paper has studied the needs, development goals, significance, and implementation approaches of the digital transformation of the current US Army. Then, specific strategies to promote the digital transformation of China’s military were proposed by establishing standards and specifications, building data models, and personnel digital literacy.
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    Development of the Intelligentization of Precision Strike System of Systems
    FAN Jinxiang, LIU Yiji, LI Ning, CHAI Juanfang
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (4): 1-11.  
    Abstract690)      PDF(pc) (831KB)(3679)       Save
    In recent years, to accommodate the operational modes being transformed to multi-domain/all-domain joint operation and the weapon equipment being transformed to systematic and cooperative, and to improve the capability of precision strike system of systems in joint-operation and fighting against powerful enemies, USA and other major military powerful countries are making great efforts to carry out the research and development together with preliminary application of intelligentization of precision strike system of systems. They have successfully applied artificial intelligence(AI) in commerce, industry, science and other fields. In this paper, the development of the intelligentization of precision strike systems has been reviewed. The requirements for the intelligentization of advanced precision strike system of systems were investigated. The overall development of intelligentization in the information support system and its engagement chain of precision strike systems were summarized. The key technologies for the intelligentization of precision strike systems were discussed.
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    Current Developments in Foreign Hypersonic Vehicles and Defense Systems
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (3): 39-51.  
    Abstract694)      PDF(pc) (2112KB)(3547)       Save
    With the evolution of combat modes and advancements in hypersonic-related technologies, hypersonic vehicles have emerged as the major threat in future warfare. This will inevitably trigger new tactical strategies and military doctrines. This paper has provided a systematic review of the development of hypersonic vehicles from major military powers and introduced its current stage of equipment for defense systems. Based on the above analysis, this paper proposes three defending strategies against hypersonic vehicles, which includes building a comprehensive information network, creating an all-encompassing interception posture, and improving a full-factor command and control platform. These strategies contribute to the reference for the construction and development of hypersonic vehicle defense systems and are valuable to counter the growing threat posed by hypersonic vehicles in future warfare.
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    Research on Hierarchical Tree Construction Method for Multilevel Process Model of Joint Operations Simulation
    ZHANG Mingxin, SU JiongMing, ZHANG Mingen, LI Rufei, QIAN Xiaochao
    Air & Space Defense    0, (): 6-12.  
    Abstract354)      PDF(pc) (1041KB)(3433)       Save
    The types of models of the joint combat simulation experiments are rich, while the design, the evaluation and the analysis of the simulation experiment are complex. Thus, the scenarios for the application of the experimental results are diverse. Therefore, multi-level models are required for joint combat experiments and analysis. The hierarchy of entities has been generally studied by aggregation and disaggregation but still lacks suitable description, analysis, and integration methods for the hierarchy of combat processes models. According to the existing methods of hierarchical description and analysis, this paper utilized the concept of a hierarchical tree to describe the process models of different levels. The structure, operation and application of the hierarchical tree were analyzed systematically. The specific application of the process hierarchical tree was introduced with examples. The hierarchical tree description of the process model can contribute to the multi-level joint simulation application analysis and multi-level model management, and can effectively improve the interoperability and reusability of models at different levels.
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    Application of Intelligent Perception in OODA Ring of Air Defense and Anti-Missile
    ZHANG Di, WANG Hui, AN Guochen, GU Cunfeng, FAN Tianzheng
    Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (1): 1-5.  
    Abstract879)      PDF(pc) (1016KB)(3408)       Save
    In the future intelligent war, new challenges for detection, perception, command and decision of air defense and anti-missile weapon systems are required and have been put forward. Focusing on intelligent perception countermeasure to empower future air defense and anti-missile combat equipment, the concept and connotation of intelligent perception were analyzed. Centered on the OODA(Observe, Orient, Decide and Act) ring and the typical combat process, the main forms of sensing countermeasures were elaborated, including warning and counter warning, detection and counter detection, and tracking and counter tracking. The core scientific problem was identified, which was feature concealment and recognition. The main application scenarios of perception countermeasure technology in the OODA ring were revealed. Finally, the key technologies that need to be developed to enhance the intelligent level of perception concealment for air defense and anti-missile weapon systems have been proposed.
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    Application of Ship 3D-modeling based on NURBS surface

    ZHANG Dapeng, YAN Jin, ZHAO Bowen, HOU Ling, ZHU Keqiang
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2023, 10 (3): 24-32.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2023.03.03
    Abstract417)      PDF(pc) (7786KB)(3275)       Save

    NUBRS surface modeling technology is specially designed for the reconstruction of 3D models of complex surface objects. It can accurately and precisely express the contour and shape of the 3D model of target objects based on the form of curves and surfaces. This paper introduces Maxsurf Modeler, a 3D modeling program of hull based on NURBS surface, and gives the process of applying this program to 3D modeling of hull. At the same time, the reliability and applicability of the 3D model are verified by CFD. In the calculation of hydrostatic resistance, the maximum error under 6 working conditions is 2.29%. In seakeeping calculation, the calculation error of pitch motion is the largest, which is 19.32%. The results show that the 3D model completed by Maxsurf Modeler has certain reliability.

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    Advances in the study of tsRNA as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer
    WANG Shukui, GU Xinliang
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (05): 413-420.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.05.001
    Abstract907)   HTML18)    PDF(pc) (966KB)(3098)       Save

    Transfer RNA (tRNA) promotes the protein translation process by binding with corresponding amino acids and transporting them to the ribosome, emphasizing the vital role of tRNA in protein translation. Transfer RNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) are fragments originating from tRNA and are produced when these tRNA are cleaved. As the degradation products of tRNA, tsRNA retain significant biological functions, notably in regulating gene expression and modulating translation. Recent researches have highlighted the dual regulatory role of tsRNA in oncology, especially their pronounced variations in the bodily fluids of cancer patients, accentuating the potential of tsRNA as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Upregulation of tsRNA and 5'tiRNA His GTG related to colorectal cancer promotes tumor occurrence and development; Upregulation of 5 '-tiRNA Val generated by angiopoietin cleavage promotes tumor metastasis and growth; Upregulation of tRF-20-MEJB5Y13 promotes the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Upregulation of gastric cancer related tsRNA, tRF-19-3L7L73JD, can promote the progression of malignant tumors, while upregulation of tRF-24-V29K9UV3IU, tRF-5026a, and tRF-Val may inhibit tumor proliferation and progression. In terms of clinical application, the expression of plasma 5-tRF-GlyGCC is increased, and the area under the curve for diagnosing colorectal cancer is 0.882. The plasma tRF-5026a is decreased, and the area under the curve for diagnosing colorectal cancer is 0.883. The expression of tRF-27-FDXXE6XRK45, tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP, and tRF-23-Q99P9P9NDD in the serum of gastric cancer patients was significantly increased. The area under the diagnostic curve for gastric cancer was 0.805, 0.889, and 0.783, respectively; The serum tDR ‐ 000620 in triple negative breast cancer decreased, which was related to lymph node metastasis and disease recurrence. In the plasma exosomes of gastric cancer patients, the expression of tRF-38, tRF-25, and tRF-18 is elevated, which can be used for diagnosis and may be a postoperative predictive factor. The expression levels of tRNA ValTAC-3, tRNA GlyTCC-5, tRNA ValAAC-5, and tRNA GluCTC-5 in the plasma exosomes of liver cancer patients have significantly increased, which may be emerging biomarkers.This article reviews the biogenesis, classification, and biological functions of tsRNA, emphasizing the advancements in their application as tumor biomarkers and delineating their roles across various cancer types, offering insights into their utility in oncological research and clinical applications.

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    A Short-Term Carbon Emission Accounting Method for Power Industry Using Electricity Data Based on a Combined Model of CNN and LightGBM
    ZENG Jincan, HE Gengsheng, LI Yaowang, DU Ershun, ZHANG Ning, ZHU Haojun
    Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2025, 59 (6): 746-757.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.382
    Abstract2090)   HTML3)    PDF(pc) (6089KB)(3093)       Save

    The electric power industry plays a pivotal role in carbon emission control. Accurate and real-time accounting of carbon emissions in the power industry is essential for supporting the carbon reduction of the power industry. At present, the measurement of carbon emissions in the power industry relies mainly on direct measurement or the accounting methods, which often struggles to balance low measurement costs with real-time accuracy. Therefore, in this paper, the robust power data infrastructure in the power industry is leveraged and the correlation between electricity consumption and carbon emissions is explored to propose a short-term electricity-to-carbon method using machine learning methods based on historical data of electricity. This method utilizes convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for feature extraction, and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) for carbon emission estimation based on extracted features. Moreover, K-fold cross-validation is used in model training, with parameter optimization using grid search to enhance the generalization capability and robustness of the model. To validate the proposed method, it is compared with other machine learning models under the same data segmentation condition for daily and hourly data sets. The results indicate that the proposed model outperforms other models in both performance evaluation and the consistency between estimated and target values.

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    Clinical research on progress of antinuclear antibody in rheumatoid arthritis
    LI Yuan, ZHANG Le, YIN Hanlin, ZHENG Bing, LÜ Liangjing
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (06): 579-586.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.06.011
    Abstract630)   HTML16)    PDF(pc) (900KB)(3059)       Save

    Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by erosive arthritis, with a global prevalence of 0.25% to 1.00%, which may ultimately lead to joint deformity and loss of function. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) refers to auto-antibodies that target various components of eukaryotic cells. Although ANA may be frequently detected in RA patients, with a positive rate of 30% to 60%, the significance of ANA in the diagnosis and treatment of RA remains unclear. Nuclear patterns in RA population are dominated by speckled and homogeneous patterns, mainly at low titres. The detection rate of extractable nuclear antibodies is usually lower than that of ANA. The serum levels of rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody in ANA-positive RA patients are much higher than ANA-negative ones, and joint erosion of ANA-positive RA patients had more severe joint erosion on imaging as well. Therefore, ANA is a potential predictor of severe joint injury. ANA-positive RA patients are more likely to have extra-articular manifestations [such as subcutaneous nodules(82% vs 46%), ocular lesions(38% vs 6%), and infections(38% vs 12%)].In terms of RA comorbidities, compared to the ANA negative group, the ANA positive group had higher levels of moderate and severe anemia (16.04% vs 6.9%; 6.6% vs 0.07%), Sjogren's syndrome (19.5% vs 4.1%), and vasculitis (29% vs 7%). In addition, ANA positivity is an independent risk factor for elderly RA patients with carotid intimal thickening (HR=4.089) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in female RA (OR=3.268, P=0.045), respectively. Attention should be paid to high-titre ANA-positive RA patients for preventive measures. In terms of treatment, RA patients who are ANA-positive when given tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNFi) treatment got much poorer therapeutic response than ANA-negative ones, especially those with high titres were more prone to generating anti-drug antibodies. Increase of ANA titer induced by TNFi is associated with no response to TNFi treatment, thus monitoring the change of ANA may predict the long-term efficacy of TNFi. The most common adverse event of TNFi is drug-induced lupus. Although it has been confirmed that the induction of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies is associated with poor efficacy of TNFi, large-scale studies are still needed to confirm the correlation between the increase of ANA titer or ocurence of dsDNA antibody and the induction of drug-induced lupus. In conclusion, this paper reviews the research progress on ANA characteristics in RA population, clinical manifestations of ANA-positive RA, and the association between ANA and TNFi prognosis. The potential of ANA as a new biomarker of RA needs to be further studied.

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    Fault Detection in Power Distribution Systems Based on Gated Recurrent Attention Network
    CHEN Haolan, JIN Bingying, LIU Yadong, QIAN Qinglin, WANG Peng, CHEN Yanxia, YU Xijuan, YAN Yingjie
    Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (3): 295-303.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2022.091
    Abstract488)   HTML13)    PDF(pc) (2938KB)(3038)       Save

    To improve fault identification accuracy in power distribution systems, a model named gated recurrent attention network is proposed. First, a higher weight is put on the key cycles of fault phase based on the attention mechanism, making the model focus more on these key messages by weight assignment. Then, the gated recurrent network is adopted, which controls the memory transmission with gate signal and constructs the relationship between input waveform and probability of events at different stages to process the waveform sequence, thereby improving recognition accuracy. Experiments based on both simulation and field data show that the proposed method, under the small-sample-learning condition, is much better than other commonly-used classification models, such as support vector machine, gradient boosting decision tree, and convolutional neural network, providing new insights into fault identification technology in power distribution systems.

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    Joint Policy Optimization of Quality Control, Condition-Based Maintenance and Spare Ordering for a Degradation System
    HAN Mengying, MA Shugang, YANG Jianhua, LI Wei, MA Zhichao
    Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2024, 58 (3): 361-370.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2022.356
    Abstract351)   HTML9)    PDF(pc) (5697KB)(2976)       Save

    A joint policy of quality control, condition-based maintenance and spare ordering is proposed for a degradation system subject to the delay time concept. First, considering the fact that product quality is largely dependent on system state, a two-stage inspection policy is proposed, in which the system state is detected during the initial deterioration process, but the product quality is checked after the defective state is found by an inspection. Then, based on the condition inspection information, quality information and failure information, the corresponding maintenance activity is chosen. Combining the state of the spare part when the system replacement is required, all possible events during an inspection interval are discussed and then a mathematical model of average cost rate is established. Afterwards, a simulation-based optimization approach coupling discrete event simulation and response surface methodology is devised to obtain a near optimal joint policy. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed policy by comparing it with the comparative policy.

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    A Meta-analysis of the Relationship Between L2 Willingness to Communicate and L2 Anxiety
    LOU Yi, LI Chengchen, ZHAO Haiyong
    Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (1): 150-160.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.01.012
    Abstract681)   HTML5)    PDF(pc) (1402KB)(2866)       Save

    Willingness to communicate (WTC) has been extensively studied for its crucial role in affecting second/foreign language (L2) learning outcomes and L2 communicative competence. Previous studies have explored a range of factors affecting WTC including L2 anxiety. However, the findings about their links remain inconsistent. To this end, the present meta-analysis integrated results of 50 independent studies, showing that there was a medium negative correlation between WTC and L2 anxiety (r = -0.343, p < 0.001). In addition, their relationship was moderated by multiple variables including national varieties, second language type, and anxiety type. The findings provided implications for foreign language education practitioners in China and researchers in the field of WTC.

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    Review of Equipment Effectiveness Evaluation and Supporting Technologies
    SU Hongjia, LUO Yucheng, LIU Fei
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (3): 29-38.  
    Abstract1081)      PDF(pc) (619KB)(2859)       Save
    Operational effectiveness evaluation has been widely used in various weapon and equipment validation studies to assess the capability of specific operational mission objectives. This paper has provided a summarized analysis of the current problems and challenges. Then, it reviewed three categories of equipment system operational effectiveness evaluation methods: multi-attribute decision-making, complex networks, and machine learning algorithms. The research status of the above approaches was analyzed. In addition, this paper has summarized the supporting technologies for equipment system operational effectiveness evaluation, respectively, indicator reduction and optimization. Finally, according to the current research progress, expected research directions for future evaluation are proposed.
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    Analyzing the Linguistic Landscape in Ethnic Minority Areas from the Perspective of Sociolinguistics of Globalization:A Case in Daozhen Gelao and Miao Minority County
    WANG Huoyan, TONG Xiuwen
    Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (1): 69-80.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.01.05
    Abstract619)   HTML6)    PDF(pc) (1300KB)(2827)       Save

    Taking the linguistic landscape on Yinzhen Avenue in Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County of Guizhou province as a sample, this paper discusses the linguistic landscape in the urban center of ethnic minority areas with a focus on English use within the framework of the three core concepts of mobility, standardization and localization from the perspective of sociolinguistics of globalization. Through the statistical analysis of the language distribution proportions on the 240 collected linguistic signs, it is found that English is the second language after Chinese and has higher visibility and mobility than minority languages. Findings also show the low degree of standardization as well as the large proportion and high degree of localization in English use, which reflects the role of English in the linguistic landscape in presenting Chinese native culture and manifesting the Chinese people's cultural confidence and national identity, and discloses the low education level and the endangerment of ethnic minority languages. Such results have certain practical significance for knowing the language ecology in ethnic minority areas, and promoting the revision and implementation of national language planning and language policies.

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    English Translation of Ancient Chinese Texts: Experiences and Methods
    ZHANG Yue, SUN Yifeng
    Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (1): 136-149.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.01.011
    Abstract718)   HTML9)    PDF(pc) (1321KB)(2780)       Save

    English translations of ancient texts are important for spreading Chinese culture abroad. Domestication and foreignization strategies from the perspective of cross-cultural translation are practical considerations of the operational matrix. Translators must select a proper translation method based on the type of audience, the purpose of translation, the historical and cultural context, and the peculiarities of ancient texts. This article explores the characteristics and causes of the three approaches: translation by Chinese scholars, translation by Western scholars, and translation by Chinese and Western collaborators, requiring strong support from official institutions or private organizations. It also examines the content, quality, and orientation of overseas publications of English translations of ancient texts, especially English translation series, and advocates the strengthening of overseas publication and distribution, which will contribute to the dissemination of English translations of ancient texts overseas and the globalization of traditional Chinese culture.

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    The Interpretation of Knowledge Reproduction in the English Translation of TOU-KUNG Series Terms in A Pictorial History of Chinese Architecture
    TIAN Hua, LIU Yingchun
    Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (1): 49-58.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.01.003
    Abstract488)   HTML11)    PDF(pc) (1672KB)(2751)       Save

    The traditional Chinese architectural terms and the basic elements of traditional architectural knowledge, are critical to whether traditional Chinese architectural knowledge can be cross-culturally reproduced effectively or not. Transknowletology defines translation as cultural behavior and social practice of cross-language knowledge processing, reconstruction and retransmission. From the perspective of Transknowletology and based on descriptive method, this paper explores the adoption of translation strategies and its reasons for the traditional Chinese architectural terms by taking English translation of the TOU-KUNG series terms in A Pictorial History of Chinese Architecture as examples to reveal the cross-culture reproduction pattern for transforming local traditional Chinese architectural knowledge into global knowledge. The research results indicate that the English translation strategies for TOU-KUNG series terms are as follows: transliteration as the dominating method, the construction of context, systematic expression and image-text interpretation. The analysis shows that the adoption of English translations strategies is influenced by the internal and external factors such as the historical background, the translation purpose, the translator's accomplishment and context. The paper has certain reference value to the globalization of local knowledge and the mutual learning of civilizations.

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    Advances in tumour markers for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
    DAI Jingyi, JIANG Jingting
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (05): 486-493.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.05.011
    Abstract706)   HTML11)    PDF(pc) (899KB)(2718)       Save

    According to the data from the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, the liver cancer ranks second among malignant tumour deaths in China, with a high mortality rate. Liver cancer is characterized by difficult of early diagnosis (about 50% of patients missed), high malignant level, strong heterogeneity, and rapid progression. Early diagnosis can help patients seize the best chance for treatment, reduce the damage to the body, improve the treatment effect, and prolong survival. The main pathological type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Commonly used clinical tumour markers for HCC include α-fetoprotein (AFP), protein induced by vitamin K deficiency or antagonist-Ⅱ (PIVKA-Ⅱ), a-L-fucosidase (AFU), etc., which are simple and efficient. However, due to the heterogeneity of liver cancer, the marker levels in some patients were not abnormal, and 52% of HCC patients with small tumours (<3 cm) were AFP-negative, which affected the diagnostic accuracy of HCC. Therefore, some novel tumour markers have been discovered, including circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating cell-free nucleic acids [including circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs)], and exosomes. It revealed that 90.81% of CTC positive HCC patients (including early disease patients) can detect very small HCC nodules after 3-5 months of follow-up, indicating a high correlation between CTC and HCC characteristics. Postoperative monitoring of CTC levels can predict HCC recurrence before clinical detection of recurrent nodules; cfDNA can serve as an effective tool for early diagnosis of HCC, and detecting mutations in ctDNA can guide targeted therapy; miRNA can serve as a biomarker for diagnosing diseases and monitoring disease progression and prognosis; The joint detection of AFP and lncRNAs panel (including three circulating exosome sources of long chain non coding RNAs: ENSG00000248932.1, ENST000000440688.1, ENST000000457302.2) showed higher sensitivity and specificity than the single detection of AFP (AUC: 0.910 and 0.408), which can predict the occurrence of HCC and dynamically monitor HCC metastasis.However, these new tumour markers still have some limitations such as high false-negative rate at low levels, and limitation in stability due to the lack of standardized pre-analytical variables and analytical variables. These tumour markers are still not recommended to be used independently for early screening, monitoring or large-scale clinical application of HCC, and can only be used as a supplement to traditional diagnostic methods. This article reviewed the research progress of tumour markers in the diagnosis of HCC in recent years, summarized the efficacy of traditional tumour markers (AFP, PIVKA-Ⅱ. and AFU, etc.), introduced the research progress and clinical application of new tumour markers (CTC, cfDNA, ctDNA, miRNA and exosomes, etc.), and looked forward to improving the accuracy of HCC diagnosis in the future.

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    The current status of thermal ablation in the treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
    LIN Tingyu, ZHAO Yanna, FEI Jian
    Journal of Surgery Concepts & Practice    2023, 28 (05): 477-482.   DOI: 10.16139/j.1007-9610.2023.05.14
    Abstract525)   HTML7)    PDF(pc) (865KB)(2689)       Save

    Thermal ablations are rapidly developing techniques for minimally invasive treatment, including laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, and microwave ablation. Such remarkable success has been achieved in treatment malignant neoplasms, for instance, hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cell adenocarcinoma. In recent years, the practice has been gradually adopted into the treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). Many reports have stated that thermal ablations have distinctive advantages over traditional thyroidectomy owing to its efficacy and safety for treatment primary PTMC, meanwhile there are many controversial issues which hotly debated regarding to first-line treatments. Recently, indications and contraindications of thermal ablation for PTMC have been successively proposed by guidelines and consensuses. Many follow-up reports related to thermal ablation in the treatment of PTMC have been reported in clinical practice as well. In this review, we summarized the principles, indications and contraindications, and the efficacy and safety of thermal ablation in the treatment of PTMC, and compared it with traditional surgery.

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    Overview of Foreign Simulation VV&A Standards
    WANG Bingheng, LI Wei, ZHANG Huan, MA Ping, CHENG Huichuan, ZHANG Jianchao, YANG Ming
    Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (3): 13-24.  
    Abstract860)      PDF(pc) (1612KB)(2676)       Save
    With the progress of technology, the engineering system has become increasingly sophisticated and complex. Whether the simulation can represent real entities in the real world has been considered as a major concern. Simulation VV&A is the key to ensuring the correctness and credibility of a simulation. The VV&A standard regulates how to perform its work and standardize its activities, which has engineering practical significance. This article initially summarized the development process of foreign VV&A standards. Then, the similarities and differences between simulation VV&A standards abroad were compared and analyzed. Finally, the future development direction of simulation VV&A standards was proposed.
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    Discourse/Language Analysis: An Interdisciplinary Perspective——A Conference Review of the Third “Sun Yat-Sen Forum on Discourse Analysis”
    NIU Wenpei
    Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (3): 173-184.  
    Abstract186)   HTML3)    PDF(pc) (1364KB)(2608)       Save

    “Sun Yat-Sen Forum on Discourse Analysis” is an academic forum organized by the Language Studies Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in 2022. It is held each year in mid-April. The third “Sun Yat-Sen Forum on Discourse Analysis” was successfully held from April 13-14, 2024 at Yilin Holiday Hotel of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. The theme of the forum is: “Discourse/Language Analysis: A Cross-Disciplinary Perspective.” Nineteen (19) famous keynote speakers at home and abroad have given a variety of keynote speeches on this topic, including parallel forums, covering literature, philosophy, anthropology, management, computer science, artificial intelligence, clinical medicine, corpus linguistics, sociolinguistics, neurolinguistics, functional linguistics, applied linguistics and other fields, fully demonstrating the practice of discourse analysis in interdisciplinary subjects. This brought a rich academic experience to the participants and provided excellent academic exchange opportunities for building a multi-disciplinary discourse analysis platform.

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    Overview of the Development of Expendable Conductivity Temperature and Depth
    DU Libin, CUI Yongchao, LIU Jie, ZHANG Xiaobo
    Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology    2023, 10 (3): 33-40.   DOI: 10.12087/oeet.2095-7297.2023.03.04
    Abstract549)      PDF(pc) (1757KB)(2549)       Save

    Expendable Conductivity Temperature and Depth (XCTD) is an advanced marine dynamic environmental element measuring instrument, which can be used on various civil and military vessels, aircraft or submarines to quickly obtain underwater environmental information data. It is a standing instrument for marine survey and an important supplement to traditional measuring instruments such as marine environmental monitoring buoy, submarine buoy and shipborne CTD because of its flexibility, economy and simplicity. At present, the Expendable Conductivity Temperature and Depth is widely used in the field of ocean profile observation because of its characteristics of simple measurement, high measurement efficiency and low hardware cost. In order to understand the development gap at home and abroad and clarify the future development direction of this field, this paper expounds the development status of the expendable marine exploration instruments at home and abroad through comparative analysis and summary starting from its classification, at the same time, compares the main gap between domestic and foreign products, and focuses on the working principle and key technology of the Submarine-launched Expendable Conductivity Temperature and Depth (SSXCTD), meanwhile, the research summarized the future research directions in this field.

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    AC loss study on a 3-phase HTS 1 MVA transformer coupled with a three-limb iron core
    Yue Wu, Shuangrong You, Jin Fang, Rodney A. Badcock, Nicholas J. Long, Zhenan Jiang
    Superconductivity    2024, 10 (0): 100095-.   DOI: 10.1016/j.supcon.2024.100095
    Abstract549)   HTML497)    PDF(pc) (4938KB)(2527)       Save

    High-temperature superconducting (HTS) technology provides an alternative approach to achieve compact transformers. Addressing AC loss in the HTS winding is crucial for HTS transformer applications. Most numerical AC loss studies on HTS transformers have neglected the influence of iron cores. This work carries out an AC loss study to explore the impact of an iron core on the HTS windings in a 3-phase HTS 1 MVA transformer coupled with it. AC loss simulations for the transformer winding both with and without the iron core are conducted by adopting the three-dimensional (3D) T-A homogenization method. When the iron core is incorporated, the saturation magnetic fields of iron materials, flux diverters (FDs) with different geometries, and variations in turn spacings in the LV winding composed of Roebel cables are considered to investigate their influence on the AC loss of the transformer winding. The inclusion of the iron core leads to a 1.2% increase in AC loss for the transformer winding while simulating at the rated current. We attribute this slight difference to the non-inductive winding structure of the transformer winding, where a strong magnetic field generated in the space between the LV and HV windings effectively shields the influence of the iron core.

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