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China Alzheimer Report 2024 WANG Gang, QI Jinlei, LIU Xinya, REN Rujing, LIN Shaohui, HU Yisong, LI Haixia, XIE Xinyi, WANG Jintao, LI Jianping, ZHU Yikang, GAO Mengyi, YANG Junjie, WANG Yiran, JING Yurong, GENG Jieli, ZHI Nan, CAO Wenwei, XU Qun, YU Xiaoping, ZHU Yuan, ZHOU Ying, WANG Lin, GAO Chao, LI Binyin, CHEN Shengdi, YUAN Fang, DOU Ronghua, LIU Xiaoyun, LI Xuena, YIN Yafu, CHANG Yan, XU Gang, XIN Jiawei, ZHONG Yanting, LI Chunbo, WANG Ying, ZHOU Maigeng, CHEN Xiaochun, representing the China Alzheimer's Disease Report Writing Group Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (03): 219-256.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.03.001 Abstract （27725）   HTML （2611）    PDF（pc） （3637KB）（40739）       Knowledge map    Save With the sustained growth of economy and significant changes in social demographics, the issue of elderly-related diseases has increasingly drawn particular attention. Alzheimer's disease (AD),as a representative neurodegenerative diseases has become a major challenge, affecting the health and quality of life among the elderly population severely. In recent years, the incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate of AD have increased in China, imposing substantial economic burdens on families, society, and the entire healthcare system. To proactively address this challenge and respond to the national 'Healthy China Action' initiative, leading experts from Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control Center, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Fujian Medical University, and other authoritative institutions, have jointly authored the 'China Alzheimer Disease Report 2024'. Building upon previous editions of 2021, 2022, and 2023, this report updates epidemiological data on AD in China, thoroughly analyzes the latest economic burdens of the disease, and comprehensively evaluates the current status of AD diagnosis and treatment services, as well as the allocation of public health resources in our country. The release of the 'China Alzheimer Disease Report 2024' not only reflects China's progress and efforts in AD research and prevention, but also underscores the heightened social concern for elderly health issues. It aims to provide scientific and technical guidance and robust data support for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of AD, offering a professional basis for the government and relevant departments to formulate targeted health policies and intervention measures. Furthermore, it serves as a platform for promoting academic exchanges and cooperation in this field domestically and internationally. Through the dissemination and application of this report, we anticipate it will not only serve as a reference for professionals but also enhance public awareness of AD, promote active participation across various sectors of society, and jointly advance the development of elderly health care in China, empowering us towards achieving 'healthy aging'. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of the 2022 edition of “guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis in China” XU Bojin, PENG Wenfang, HUANG Shan Journal of Surgery Concepts & Practice    2023, 28 (06): 512-519.   DOI: 10.16139/j.1007-9610.2023.06.05 Abstract （3677）   HTML （139）    PDF（pc） （889KB）（14486）       Knowledge map    Save “Guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis in China” (2022) (referred to as the “guidelines”) was officially published in August 2022 in the Chinese Journal of Endocrine Metabolism. These guidelines have been extensively updated from the 2007 version, with 15 sections covering the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hyperthyroidism, as well as the management of specific types of thyrotoxicosis. The new version guidelines proposed 107 recommended opinions supported by stronger evidence, offering comprehensive and reliable guidance for clinical doctors and medical professionals dealing with thyrotoxicosis. This article aimed to extract the key points and recommended strategies from the guidelines to help clinical doctors better understand and apply the latest guiding principles. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Bronchial Asthma （2024 Edition） ZHOU Yan, ZHANG Min Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2025, 24 (04): 415-422.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2025.04.008 Abstract （2074）   HTML （114）    PDF（pc） （509KB）（13493）       Knowledge map    Save According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data for 2021, the global age-standardized prevalence of asthma is 3 340.1/100 000, with a total of about 260 million patients, a mortality rate of 5.2/100 000, and 436 000 deaths. A 2012-2015 survey conducted in China shows that the prevalence of wheezing-related asthma among people aged 20 and above is 4.2%, with a total of about 45.7 million patients. However, the diagnosis rate is only 28.8%, and the control rate is only 28.5%, far below the international level, highlighting the urgent need for better asthma management and intervention. In March 2024, the Chinese Thoracic Society (CTS) released the Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Bronchial Asthma (2024 Edition) (hereinafter referred to as the "2024 Guidelines"). For diagnostic pathways, the 2024 Guidelines improve the diagnostic criteria for asthma, emphasizing the evidence for variable expiratory airflow (such as bronchodilator tests, provocation tests, etc.). A "presumptive diagnosis pathway" is proposed for primary care and resource-limited medical institutions to improve the diagnosis rate and avoid overtreatment. In terms of staging and classification, the concept of "clinical remission" is introduced, defined as being asymptomatic for ≥1 year without the need for systemic glucocorticoid therapy. The classification of "intermittent state" is eliminated, and asthma severity is now simplified into three levels—mild, moderate and severe—with a dynamic assessment model proposed. The assessment system newly includes a type 2 inflammatory phenotype assessment, recommending the measurement of biomarkers such as peripheral blood eosinophil count (EOS) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) to guide individualized treatment, while also emphasizing comorbidity screening and risk factor assessment. In terms of treatment strategies, a stepwise management approach is used for chronic persistent treatment, with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-formoterol recommended as the preferred reliever (Pathway 1) to reduce the risk of acute exacerbations. The management of severe asthma emphasizes the use of biological targeted drugs, such as anti-IgE and anti-interleukin (IL)-5 monoclonal antibodies, while the treatment of acute exacerbations is recommended based on the severity level. Despite the significant progress made in the 2024 Guidelines, challenges remain. Epidemiological data on asthma in China are outdated, highlighting the urgent need for nationwide surveys to reflect the latest disease burden. Diagnosis rates in primary care are low, and inflammation assessment and dynamic mana-gement are insufficient, requiring strengthened capacity building at the primary care level. Real-world data on biologics in China are limited, restricting their application in precision therapy. The application of information technology in asthma management is still at an exploratory stage, and technologies like 5G should be leveraged to enhance patient education and follow-up efficiency. In the future, asthma prevention and treatment in China need to further optimize strategies for early diagnosis and early treatment, dynamically identify inflammatory phenotypes, establish drug response prediction models, and promote AI-assisted diagnosis and treatment to achieve more precise management. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Trends in global major disease burden and health conditions—interpretation of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021 FAN Bonan, LI Yan Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (05): 474-483.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.05.003 Abstract （5827）   HTML （229）    PDF（pc） （3009KB）（12737）       Knowledge map    Save The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) analyzed 371 diseases and injuries using 100,983 data sources, estimating years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years, and healthy life expectancy. From 1990 to 2019, the annual rate of change in global all-cause mortality ranged from -0.9% to 2.4%, while deaths increased by 10.8% and 7.5% in 2020 and 2021 respectively due to COVID-19. In 2021, COVID-19 was the second lea-ding cause of death globally, with a mortality rate of 94.0 per 100 000. The mortality rates of other major causes, such as ischemic heart disease and stroke were 108.7 and 87.4 per 100 000, respectively. Global life expectancy rose from 65.5 years in 1990 to 73.3 years in 2019 but dropped to 71.7 years in 2021 due to COVID-19, which reduced life expectancy by 2.2 years, significantly impacting the trend of health improvement. In China, GBD 2021 data shows a significant increase in life expectancy from 1990 to 2021: from 69.9 to 80.7 years for women and from 65.7 to 74.9 years for men. However, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases remain major health threats. In 2021, these diseases had the highest burden among the top ten causes in China, with rising incidence and morta-lity rates. Major health risk factors in China include tobacco, hypertension, and dietary risks. This paper, through the systematic analysis of GBD 2021 data, reveals current trends in disease burden globally and in China, and proposes public health strategy recommendations. China should enhance chronic disease management, improve public health emergency responses, address health inequalities, and promote basic research and international cooperation to improve overall health levels. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Summary and interpretation of the World Health Organization “Global Report on Hypertension” ZHANG Dongyan, LI Yan Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (03): 297-304.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.03.007 Abstract （5440）   HTML （175）    PDF（pc） （945KB）（11159）       Knowledge map    Save In 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) released the first document of “Global report on hypertension—The race against a silent killer”. which covers the global prevalence and management of hypertension, analyzes the mortality and disease burden caused by hypertension, explores the risk factors for hypertension, evaluates the cost-effectiveness of blood pressure treatment, and presents successful examples of hypertension management in many countries, especially the global implementation of the WHO-launched HEARTS project for hypertension control. Hypertension is a significant global public health challenge with severe health implications. Over the past 30 years, the number of people with hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication) has doubled, rising from 650 million in 1990 to 1.3 billion in 2019. Among the global hypertensive population aged 30-79, approximately 54% have been diagnosed, of which 42% are receiving antihypertensive treatment, and only 21% have controlled blood pressure. In 2019, elevated systolic pressure was responsible for over half of cardiovascular disease deaths globally. Increasing the global hypertension control rate to 50% could prevent 76 million deaths from 2023 to 2050. Population-level risk factors for hypertension include high salt and low potassium intake, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and air pollution. WHO advocates for the prevention and control of hypertension through measures such as reducing dietary sodium intake, increasing potassium intake, limiting alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, increasing physical activity, and improving air quality. In terms of treatment, WHO guidelines recommend antihypertensive medication for individuals with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. For specific populations, it is also recommended to start antihypertensive treatment when systolic blood pressure is between 130-139 mmHg. The use of single-pill combination therapy is also advised to improve adherence and persistence in treatment. The prevalence and management of hypertension in China are also noteworthy. Hypertension is a major cause of mortality and disease burden in the Chinese population. By learning from global successes in hypertension management, China can enhance its efforts in the prevention, control, and monitoring of hypertension, particularly by promoting the application of the HEARTS technical package to improve hypertension management. This report aims to draw attention to major non-communicable diseases, particularly hypertension, as a public health challenge. Through detailed data analysis and successful case studies, the report underscores the importance of hypertension prevention and control, providing scientific evidence for policy-making across countries. This collective effort aims to achieve the global goal of a 25% relative reduction in uncontrolled hypertension prevalence by 2025 compared to 2010. This article will interpret briefly the reports based on the prevalence and management of hypertension in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of elderly myelodysplastic neoplasm in China (2024) MDS Professional Committee of Hematology Branch of Chinese Geriatrics Society Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (03): 285-296.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.03.006 Abstract （4066）   HTML （160）    PDF（pc） （1106KB）（10653）       Knowledge map    Save Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid tumours originating from haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, with a high prevalence in the elderly. Epidemiological surveys in Europe and the United States have revealed that the incidence of MDS is (4-5)/100 000, which increases with age，and the median age at diagnosis of MDS patients reaches 73-76 years. In Shanghai, China, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 diagnostic criteria, the average incidence rate was 1.51/100 000, and the median age of onset of MDS was found to be 62 years old in a survey conducted in 3.9 million people from 2004 to 2007, of which about one-third of the patients would be transformed into acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 53% of the patients would die due to infections, haemorrhages, or comorbidities triggered by cytopenias. Elderly MDS patients have their own characteristics in terms of both treatment choices and disease prognosis due to more comorbidities and weaker health. Clinical characteristics of elderly MDS patients include slightly higher white blood cell count, haemoglobin level and more bone marrow blasts than those of young patients, while neutrophil count and platelet count are significantly higher than those of young patients; the number of mutations in elderly MDS patients is higher, with an average of 1.8 mutations per patient, among which the mutations in ASXL1, TET2, SF3B1, STAG2, SRSF2 and TP53 are more common; while the number of mutations in younger patients averages 1.2 per person, among which U2AF1, ASXL1 and RUNX1 mutations are more common. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the only curative treatment for MDS, and myeloablative transplantation is feasible in young patients, but only reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) allo-HSCT can be performed in elderly patients.The natural course and prognosis of elderly MDS patients varies considerably, and the MDS Composite Prognostic Score, which is composed of the composite age (>70 years old), vulnerability index, and IPSS prognostic subgroups, is able to better predict the tolerance of chemotherapy and adverse treatment effects in MDS patients. This consensus is based on the latest evidence-based data in the study of MDS in the elderly at home and abroad, and has been discussed by the experts of the group, which aims to standardise the diagnosis and the whole management of treatment for elderly MDS patients in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Enlightenment for the Development of Anti-UAV Equipment from the Offensive and Defensive Operations of UAVs Between Russian and Ukrainian ZHANG Yaoyi, LI Ning Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (3): 34-39.   Abstract （1996）      PDF（pc） （924KB）（9683）       Knowledge map    Save According to the offensive and defensive operations of UAVs （Unmanned Aerial Vehicles） in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the methods of countering new air threats represented by UAVs in the future were studied. By reviewing the overall situation of the UAVs employed by Russia and Ukraine, the methods of using various UAVs to build an integrated reconnaissance and offensive system on both sides were summarized. From the perspective of responding to the UAV threat, this paper elaborated on the overall overview of the anti-UAV equipment employed by both sides and summarized the methods of building an integrated anti-UAV system using various soft and hard killing methods. According to the practical experience of warfare, considering the development of strong hostile UAVs and anti-UAV equipment such as the US military, enlightenment and suggestions for the future development of anti-UAV equipment were proposed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on the mechanism of skin aging caused by ultraviolet radiation CHEN Heng, WANG Jue, ZHOU Xu Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2024, 20 (3): 382-.   Abstract （1116）      PDF（pc） （992KB）（9228）       Knowledge map    Save Skin exposed to sunlight for a long period of time will have impaired function and even genetic material alteration， which is manifested by aging characteristics such as water loss， elasticity loss， wrinkle growth， melanin deposition and dryness. There are many ways to cause skin photoaging and the mechanism is complex， the ultraviolet light in sunlight has a particularly obvious effect on skin aging， the ultraviolet light that can act on the skin is divided into two kinds： UVA and UVB. They mainly act on the skin through five mechanisms that lead to photoaging： oxidative stress， damaging genetic material， changing the epidermal microbial community， destroying the function and structure of organelles， and reshaping the extracellular matrix （ECM）.In this paper， these five mechanisms were reviewed， and research directions and prospects in this field were proposed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Expert consensus on neuroimaging diagnosis of dementia and cognitive impairment (2023) Aging and Cognitive Impairment Branch of Shanghai Society of Aging and Degenerative Diseases Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (01): 30-39.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.01.005 Abstract （2130）   HTML （51）    PDF（pc） （9441KB）（7597）       Knowledge map    Save For patients with cognitive impairment as the main clinical manifestation, structural MRI (or CT instead) should be performed first to clarify intracranial lesions and brain atrophy. For patients with specific clinical manifestations, specific MRI sequences is recommended to further assist diagnosis. If the patient is suspected of AD, it is recommended to perform oblique coronal T1WI for MTA grading to score medial temporal lobe atrophy. If the patient is suspected to be caused by vascular factors or special infections (prion proteins), it is recommended to perform diffusion-weighted imaging. If the patient has extrapyramidal symptoms or small vessel disease, especially cerebral amyloid angiopathy or cognitive impairment complicated by diabetes, it is recommended to perform susceptibility-weighted imaging. If a mass is suspicious on MRI, contrast-enhanced MR imaging and MR spectroscopy should be performed. If the patient has amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, it is recommended to perform diffusion tensor imaging. If the patient is suspected to be caused by neurodegenerative diseases, it is recommended to perform 18F-FDG PET and Aβ-PET or tau-PET. Aβ-PET imaging and tau-PET imaging can visualize the degree and scope of pathological protein deposition in the brain, which has important predictive and diagnostic value for dementia and can be used for the differential diagnosis of dementia and staging the disease progression. In addition, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy, and some emerging imaging techniques such as cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space have been studied in patients with cognitive impairment. It is expected that these technologies can be used in the future to better assist the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cognitive impairment. It should be noted that neuroimaging does not represent the complete diagnosis and clinical symptoms of the disease and must be interpreted with caution. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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College English Writing Instruction in a ChatGPT Context CHEN Mo, LV Mingchen Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (1): 161-168.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.01.013 Abstract （1681）   HTML （50）    PDF（pc） （1279KB）（7206）       Knowledge map    Save As a representative of the latest stage in artificial intelligence development, ChatGPT has attracted widespread attention from various sectors of society and has also brought new assistance to foreign language/second language writing instruction. From the perspective of activity theory, this paper analyzed college English writing instruction in the ChatGPT context, by exploring at each stage how teachers can effectively utilize ChatGPT to prepare and organize English writing instruction while actively mitigating potential risks associated with the new technologies. In this process, there have been corresponding changes in the teachers' roles. The teachers have reduced the time spent on knowledge output and repetitive tasks while increasing the emphasis on critical thinking and emotional guidance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Urban Target Detection Algorithm Based on Multi-Modal Fusion of UAV WANG Jianyuan, CHEN Xiaotong, ZHANG Yue, SUN Junge, SHI Donghao, CHEN Jinbao Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (1): 32-39.   Abstract （1649）      PDF（pc） （1812KB）（7023）       Knowledge map    Save Using small drones to detect urban targets such as vehicles at low altitudes in cities has gradually become a mainstream means. Given the existing problems of low detection accuracy of single-mode detection networks affected by visible light detection, inability to work at night and the blurred edge of infrared detection targets in actual scenes, this paper has proposed a multi-modal UAV detection algorithm based on image fusion and deep learning network. Firstly, based on the DUT-VTUAV visible-infrared registration data set and TIF image fusion algorithm, a multi-mode fusion data set was built up. Secondly, by comparing the detection accuracy, speed and several parameters of the existing YOLO series network, the lightweight network YOLO v5n which was most suitable for the mobile deployment of UAVs was decided. Finally, a multi-modal fusion detection algorithm was produced by combining an image fusion algorithm and a target detection model. Comparative experiments on vehicle data sets successfully show that compared with single-mode detection, the detection accuracy of the proposed algorithm is effectively increased, with mAP up to 99.6%, and a set of visible-infrared image fusion detection can be completed within 0.3s, indicating the high real-time performance. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Construction of Student-Centered, Harmonious Teacher-Student Relationships Driven by Educator Spirit XU Jinfen Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (4): 5-15.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.04.001 Abstract （947）   HTML （32）    PDF（pc） （1217KB）（6899）       Knowledge map    Save Under the guidance of spirits of educators, this article firstly explores the contemporary significance and theoretical basis for the construction of harmonious teacher-student relationships. Then, based on the 14 student-centered principles proposed by the American Psychological Association and the semi-structured interview results with university teachers and students from different regions in China, six major characteristics of student-centered harmonious teacher-student relationships are extracted. Finally, guided by these characteristics, specific strategies for building student-centered harmonious relationships between foreign language teachers and students are proposed from five aspects: educational philosophy, teaching methods, learning environment, emotional support, and evaluation system. This article aims to provide references for foreign language teachers from both theoretical and practical perspectives and further promote the healthy development of foreign language education. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review of Autonomous Decision-Making and Planning Techniques for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle CHENG Haoyu, ZHANG Shuo, LIU Tailai, XU Shengli, HUANG Hanqiao Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (1): 6-15.   Abstract （1486）      PDF（pc） （994KB）（6552）       Knowledge map    Save Facing the future with a highly dynamic, strong confrontation and rejection combat environment, intelligence level has become the core factor restricting the UAV mission/environment adaptability and combat effectiveness. Focusing on autonomous decision-making and planning technology, which is a difficult, rapidly updated and broad application prospect, the main research achievements and future development direction of autonomous decision-making and planning technology were reviewed. Firstly, the necessity of autonomous decision-making and planning technology research was elaborated based on the development and current situation of unmanned aerial vehicles. Secondly, this study summarized and analyzed the current research results of autonomous decision-making and planning technology. Finally, the development direction of autonomous decision-making and planning technology of UAVs was prospected. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Two-Stage Optimal Dispatch for Integrated Energy System with Oxy-Combustion Based on Multi-Energy Flexibility Constraints PENG Chuxuan, BIAN Xiaoyan, JIN Haixiang, LIN Shunfu, XU Bo, ZHAO Jian Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2025, 59 (9): 1281-1291.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.487 Abstract （2660）   HTML （25）    PDF（pc） （2004KB）（6177）       Knowledge map    Save As one of the most promising carbon capture technologies for coal-fired power plants, oxy-fuel combustion provides a new solution for improving the flexibility of the integrated energy system (IES) and reducing carbon emissions. In this paper, a two-stage optimal dispatch strategy for the integrated energy system with oxy-fuel combustion units considering the constraints of multi-energy flexibility is proposed based on the intergration of oxy-fuel combustion technology and the optimal operation of the integrated energy system. First, a model of integrated energy system with oxy-fuel combustion (Oxy-IES) is established. Then, a matrix model of multi-energy flexibility constraints for Oxy-IES is proposed to reveal the supply and demand relationship of flexibility within the system. Finally, a two-stage optimization dispatch strategy for Oxy-IES is constructed, in which the output of each unit is optimized to minimize the daily operating cost of carbon trading in the day-ahead stage, while the rapid variable load capacity of the oxy-fuel combustion unit improves the flexibility of the system in the intraday stage. The simulation results of Oxy-IES show that the proposed strategy can improve the flexibility and economy performance of the IES while reducing carbon emissions. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Innovative Solutions for High-Performance Silicon Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Overcoming Challenges and Real-World Applications Mustafa Khan, Suxia Yan, Mujahid Ali, Faisal Mahmood, Yang Zheng, Guochun Li, Junfeng Liu, Xiaohui Song, Yong Wang Nano-Micro Letters    2024, 16 (1): 179-.   DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01388-3 Abstract （351）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （6519KB）（6090）       Knowledge map    Save Silicon (Si) has emerged as a potent anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but faces challenges like low electrical conductivity and significant volume changes during lithiation/delithiation, leading to material pulverization and capacity degradation. Recent research on nanostructured Si aims to mitigate volume expansion and enhance electrochemical performance, yet still grapples with issues like pulverization, unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) growth, and interparticle resistance. This review delves into innovative strategies for optimizing Si anodes’ electrochemical performance via structural engineering, focusing on the synthesis of Si/C composites, engineering multidimensional nanostructures, and applying non-carbonaceous coatings. Forming a stable SEI is vital to prevent electrolyte decomposition and enhance Li+ transport, thereby stabilizing the Si anode interface and boosting cycling Coulombic efficiency. We also examine groundbreaking advancements such as self-healing polymers and advanced prelithiation methods to improve initial Coulombic efficiency and combat capacity loss. Our review uniquely provides a detailed examination of these strategies in real-world applications, moving beyond theoretical discussions. It offers a critical analysis of these approaches in terms of performance enhancement, scalability, and commercial feasibility. In conclusion, this review presents a comprehensive view and a forward-looking perspective on designing robust, high-performance Si-based anodes the next generation of LIBs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis and interpretation of the 2022 Global Cancer Statistics Report： cancer burden and epidemiological trends in China and the world WU Qi, FAN Bonan, LI Yan Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2025, 24 (02): 135-145.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2025.02.004 Abstract （2926）   HTML （180）    PDF（pc） （1203KB）（5904）       Knowledge map    Save In February 2024, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) released the 2022 Global Cancer Statistics Report. In 2022, there were nearly 20 million new cancer cases and 9.7 million deaths. The report provides statistics on the incidence and mortality of 36 different types of cancer in 185 countries around the world, analyzing geographic, gender-based, and Human Development Index (HDI)-related differences. It also predicts the global burden of cancer disease by 2050. Demographic forecasts suggest that by 2050, the number of new cancer cases worldwide is expected to reach 35 million annually-an increase of 77% compared to 2022. Geographically, cancer incidence and mortality rates show significant regional disparities. In 2022, nearly half (49.2%) of the world's new cases and the majority (56.1%) of cancer deaths occurred in Asia. In terms of gender distribution, the overall cancer incidence and mortality rate among females were lower than those among males in 2022. With respect to HDI, the risk of developing cancer increases with higher HDI levels. In 2022, the top 5 newly diagnosed cancer cases worldwide are lung cancer, female breast cancer cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer in turn. There were nearly 2.5 million new lung cancer cases and over 1.8 million related deaths. Breast cancer in women accounted for 2.3 million new cases and nearly 670 000 deaths. Colorectal cancer, including anal cancer, had more than 1.9 million new cases and over 900 000 deaths. Prostate cancer recorded 1.5 million new cases and nearly 400 000 deaths. There were nearly 970 000 newly-diagnosed cases of gastric cancer and 660 000 related deaths. In China in 2022, lung cancer still ranks first in the cancer incidence spectrum in China, accounting for 22.0% of the total new cases of cancer in China. This proportion has further increased compared to 2018 data (17.9%), followed by colorectal cancer (10.7%), thyroid cancer (9.7%), liver cancer (7.6%), and gastric cancer (7.4%), which account for more than half of the total new cases in China (57.4%). This paper reviews the data sources and statistical methods used in the report, interprets the epidemiological trends of major cancer types, and analyzes the incidence and burden of major cancers prevalent in China, provi-ding an overview of their disease burden and epidemiological trends. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress of three-dimensional functional skin model construction in vitro LI Yang, XI Taotao, ZHANG Bo, et al Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2024, 20 (2): 240-.   Abstract （755）      PDF（pc） （1034KB）（5852）       Knowledge map    Save Tissue engineering technology has been widely used in tissue and organ repair and has become an important method of regenerative medicine technique. The appearance of tissue engineering skin provides a new method for the treatment of large-area cutaneous defect in clinic. Because of the complicated skin-structure， it is an enormous challenge to building a functional three-dimensional skin tissue engineering model to simulate or replace the original skin. Based on this， from the aspects of cell types and sources， techniques， types， applications and prospects of skin tissue engineering models， the latest progress of in vitro 3D functional skin tissue model construction was reviewed in order to provide a theoretical basis for the construction of ideal skin tissue model. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Power Materials and Technology for Aerospace SHANG Yanxin, QU Wenjie, REN Xuening, LU Hongbo, DU Wei, LI Li, WU Feng, CHEN Renjie Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (6): 12-28.   Abstract （1890）      PDF（pc） （4146KB）（5617）       Knowledge map    Save The aerospace power subsystem, known as its “energy heart”, is responsible for key tasks such as efficient storage and accurate conversion of electrical energy. Its operational stability affects the smooth operation and overall effectiveness of each subsystem of the spacecraft. The increasing complexity of space missions and the intensification of extreme space environments have led to the need for continuous technological innovation and performance upgrades of power systems. Based on this, in this study, the materials and technologies development trends of solar cells, chemical batteries and other devices were reviewed domestically and abroad from the perspective of extreme environments, including radiation, alternating temperatures and high vacuum. Besides, the key challenges of power devices in the extreme aerospace environment were analyzed, and the potential aerospace mission application prospects were envisioned. This review provides a reference and inspiration for promoting the research and development of advanced aerospace power materials. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Progress in the treatment of colonic diverticular diseases KONG Lei, YANG Huali Journal of Surgery Concepts & Practice    2024, 29 (01): 87-92.   DOI: 10.16139/j.1007-9610.2024.01.14 Abstract （594）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （881KB）（5521）       Knowledge map    Save The incidence of colonic diverticular disease is increasing significantly and is showing a trend of youthfulness. The treatment of colonic diverticulum disease mainly involves drugs, including antibiotics, rifaximin, and mesalazine. In addition, probiotics and dietary fiber are believed to have a positive impact on the treatment of diverticular diseases. When it progresses to acute complicated diverticulitis, surgical treatment becomes a necessary means. Up to now, our country has not formulated standards and guidelines of the diagnosis and treatment for colonic diverticulitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Progress of US Military Digital Transformation ZHANG Xue Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (4): 12-16.   Abstract （2044）      PDF（pc） （639KB）（5276）       Knowledge map    Save Digital transformation is strategically required by military transformation. It’s critical to guarantee the reform of military concepts and plays an indispensable link in winning future wars using intelligent technology. To maintain the war advantage, the US military has been actively promoting its digital transformation during the transition of the fourth industrial revolution. This paper has studied the needs, development goals, significance, and implementation approaches of the digital transformation of the current US Army. Then, specific strategies to promote the digital transformation of China’s military were proposed by establishing standards and specifications, building data models, and personnel digital literacy. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Expert consensus on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of primary Sjögren syndrome (2024 edition) CHENG Fang, ZHAO Futao, SHEN Xuemin, LI Jin, CHEN Xiangjun, WANG Guifang, LI Huilin, XUE Luan, QI Junyuan Journal of Internal Medicine Concepts & Practice    2024, 19 (06): 357-362.   DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2024.06.01 Abstract （1588）   HTML （78）    PDF（pc） （923KB）（5214）       Knowledge map    Save Primary Sjögren syndrome (PSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands and other organs. PSS shows strong clinical heterogeneity, presents different degrees of topical and systemic damage, and multidisciplinary collaboration are required to develop PSS treatment strategies. However, our country currently has not unified diagnosis and treatment consensus for PSS. Based on domestic and foreign diagnosis and treatment experience, consensus and guideline, experts from multiple related disciplines achieved consensus using the nominal group technique, providing guidance and reference for standardized diagnosis and treatment of PSS. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development of the Intelligentization of Precision Strike System of Systems FAN Jinxiang, LIU Yiji, LI Ning, CHAI Juanfang Air & Space Defense    2023, 6 (4): 1-11.   Abstract （1025）      PDF（pc） （831KB）（5046）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, to accommodate the operational modes being transformed to multi-domain/all-domain joint operation and the weapon equipment being transformed to systematic and cooperative, and to improve the capability of precision strike system of systems in joint-operation and fighting against powerful enemies, USA and other major military powerful countries are making great efforts to carry out the research and development together with preliminary application of intelligentization of precision strike system of systems. They have successfully applied artificial intelligence(AI) in commerce, industry， science and other fields. In this paper, the development of the intelligentization of precision strike systems has been reviewed. The requirements for the intelligentization of advanced precision strike system of systems were investigated. The overall development of intelligentization in the information support system and its engagement chain of precision strike systems were summarized. The key technologies for the intelligentization of precision strike systems were discussed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review of Multi-Sensor Data Fusion for Target Tracking TANG Shengjing, WANG Taiyan, ZHAO Ganglian, GUO Jie, LI Jiali, YIN Hang（ Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (4): 18-29.   Abstract （1805）      PDF（pc） （1875KB）（4989）       Knowledge map    Save With the increasing complexity of target-tracking scenarios, single-sensor detection systems cannot satisfy the practical requirements of target tracking. Multi-sensor data fusion technology has thus become an important solution for target tracking in complex scenarios. This paper reviewed the basic principles and research status of two key processes in multi-sensor data fusion: data association and estimating fusion. The relevant research on applying artificial intelligence technologies such as neural networks and reinforcement learning in multi-sensor data fusion was introduced. Finally, the development of multi-sensordata fusion methods in the field of target tracking was prospected. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of the 2025 NCCN clinical practice guidelines for non-small cell lung cancer （V1-V3） CAI Jiaodi, CHEN Guoqun, ZHANG Wenqin Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2026, 25 (01): 37-43.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2026.01.006 Abstract （56）   HTML （33）    PDF（pc） （849KB）（4928）       Knowledge map    Save In 2022, there were approximately 2.5 million newly-diagnosed cases of lung cancer and 1.8 million deaths worldwide. In China, there were about 1.060 6 million newly-diagnosed cases and 733 300 deaths from lung cancer. The incidence and mortality of lung cancer ranked first among malignant tumors in China and globally. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85% of lung cancer cases. Biomarker testing is crucial for its treatment selection. From December 2024 to January 2025, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) successively released the 2025 first (V1), second (V2) and third (V3) versions of clinical practice guidelines for NSCLC. Some of the updates are of great significance in the field of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. The main updates in V1 include initial treatment evaluation, biomarker tes-ting, optimization of treatment pathways for specific gene mutations, and the addition of emerging targeted therapeutic drugs. Major newly added drugs include erdafitinib for the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene, zenocutuzumab for neuroregulatory protein 1 (NRG1) gene fusions, and trastuzumab deruxtecan for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression, providing patients with more treatment options. V2 adds ensartinib as the first-line preferred regimen for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) - rearranged NSCLC. V3 recommends nivolumab subcutaneous injection as an alternative to intravenous infusion for neoadjuvant system treatment. Despite the continuous emergence of new targets and therapies, how to achieve precise, accessible, and standardized testing and treatment remains the core challenge and optimization direction in future clinical practice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review of Key Technologies for Developing Personalized Lower Limb Rehabilitative Exoskeleton Robots TAO Jing, (陶璟), ZHOU Zhenhuan (周振欢) J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (1): 16-28.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2452-3 Abstract （3167）      PDF（pc） （1179KB）（4742）       Knowledge map    Save Rehabilitative training and assistance to daily living activities play critical roles in improving the life quality of lower limb dyskinesia patients and older people with motor function degeneration. Lower limb rehabilitative exoskeleton has a promising application prospect in support of the above population. In this paper, critical technologies for developing lower limb rehabilitative exoskeleton for individualized user needs are identi- fied and reviewed, including exoskeleton hardware modularization, bionic compliant driving, individualized gait planning and individual-oriented motion intention recognition. Inspired by the idea of servitization, potentials in exoskeleton product-service system design and its enabling technologies are then discussed. It is suggested that future research will focus on exoskeleton technology and exoskeleton-based service development oriented to an individual’s physical features and personalized requirements to realize better human-exoskeleton coordination in terms of technology, as well as accessible and high-quality rehabilitation and living assistance in terms of utility. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of the updated international guidelines for groin hernia management (2023) XU Jing, ZHUANG Qiulin, DONG Ruizhao, YANG Ziang Journal of Surgery Concepts & Practice    2024, 29 (04): 316-322.   DOI: 10.16139/j.1007-9610.2024.04.08 Abstract （1129）   HTML （76）    PDF（pc） （966KB）（4649）       Knowledge map    Save Since the International guidelines for groin hernia management were published in 2018, many new evidences have been published. In October 2023, the HerniaSurge Group published Update of the international HerniaSurge guidelines for groin hernia management. It updated eight chapters of the last guidelines, proposed 20 key questions, and 39 new statements and 32 recommendations, of which 16 were strong recommendations. This article combined clinical concerns to sort out and interpret the updated version. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Interpretation of Knowledge Reproduction in the English Translation of TOU-KUNG Series Terms in A Pictorial History of Chinese Architecture TIAN Hua, LIU Yingchun Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (1): 49-58.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.01.003 Abstract （1075）   HTML （23）    PDF（pc） （1672KB）（4623）       Knowledge map    Save The traditional Chinese architectural terms and the basic elements of traditional architectural knowledge, are critical to whether traditional Chinese architectural knowledge can be cross-culturally reproduced effectively or not. Transknowletology defines translation as cultural behavior and social practice of cross-language knowledge processing, reconstruction and retransmission. From the perspective of Transknowletology and based on descriptive method, this paper explores the adoption of translation strategies and its reasons for the traditional Chinese architectural terms by taking English translation of the TOU-KUNG series terms in A Pictorial History of Chinese Architecture as examples to reveal the cross-culture reproduction pattern for transforming local traditional Chinese architectural knowledge into global knowledge. The research results indicate that the English translation strategies for TOU-KUNG series terms are as follows: transliteration as the dominating method, the construction of context, systematic expression and image-text interpretation. The analysis shows that the adoption of English translations strategies is influenced by the internal and external factors such as the historical background, the translation purpose, the translator's accomplishment and context. The paper has certain reference value to the globalization of local knowledge and the mutual learning of civilizations. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Low-level laser therapy for androgenetic alopecia ；A consensus among chinese experts Hair Medicine Branch of the Chinese Society of Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery, Chinese Non-government Medical Institutions Association Dermatology Branch Hair Medicine and Scalp Health Management Professional Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery    2024, 20 (2): 157-.   Abstract （670）      PDF（pc） （959KB）（4551）       Knowledge map    Save Low-level laser therapy for androgenetic alopecia has been used clinically for over ten years， with definite efficacy and high safety. A variety of low-level laser devices have been approved and marketed domestically， and are widely used in clinical settings， yet there are currently no unified usage standards. This consensus compiled and summarized relevant guidelines and clinical research from both domestic and international sources in recent years， providing a reference for the correct selection and use of low-level laser therapy for androgenetic alopecia in clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress of Resin Matrix Composites for Air Defense Missiles CHEN Xue, ZHU Longyu, XUE Qinyang, WANG Kexiang, HAN Zhilin, LUO Chuyang Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (6): 76-95.   Abstract （2141）      PDF（pc） （3146KB）（4529）       Knowledge map    Save Lightweight design is a dominant development trend in advanced air defense missile systems. Resin matrix composites, with the advantages of being lightweight, high strength, high-temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, and designable, play a key role in promoting the lightweight design of missiles. This paper has reviewed the research progress and current applications of thermoset and thermoplastic composites in air defense missiles. It comprehensively provides an overview of the application progress and development prospects of resin matrix composites in typical missile components, offering insights into the future development of these materials. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Meta-analysis of the Relationship Between L2 Willingness to Communicate and L2 Anxiety LOU Yi, LI Chengchen, ZHAO Haiyong Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (1): 150-160.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.01.012 Abstract （1121）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （1402KB）（4493）       Knowledge map    Save Willingness to communicate (WTC) has been extensively studied for its crucial role in affecting second/foreign language (L2) learning outcomes and L2 communicative competence. Previous studies have explored a range of factors affecting WTC including L2 anxiety. However, the findings about their links remain inconsistent. To this end, the present meta-analysis integrated results of 50 independent studies, showing that there was a medium negative correlation between WTC and L2 anxiety (r = -0.343, p < 0.001). In addition, their relationship was moderated by multiple variables including national varieties, second language type, and anxiety type. The findings provided implications for foreign language education practitioners in China and researchers in the field of WTC. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of global stroke report data in 2025： gradient evolution and precise management of stroke burden TANG Chunhua, GUO Lu, ZHANG Lili Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2025, 24 (05): 485-497.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2025.05.003 Abstract （2834）   HTML （248）    PDF（pc） （777KB）（4485）       Knowledge map    Save In 2021, there were 93.816 million prevalent cases of stroke worldwide [age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR) 1 099/100 000], with 11.946 million new cases in that year [age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR) 142/100 000]. Among these new cases, ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounted for 65.3% (7.804 million), 28.8% (3.444 million), and 5.8% (0.697 million), respectively. In the same year, stroke caused 7.253 million deaths, accounting for 10.7% of all global deaths. Deaths caused by IS, ICH, and SAH accounted for 49.5% (3.591 million), 45.6% (3.308 million), and 4.9% (353 000), respectively. In 2021, stroke remained the second leading cause of death worldwide, with its core disease burden indicator — disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) — exceeding 160 million, ranking third among all global total disease burdens. In terms of economic burden, the global direct medical costs and productivity losses caused by stroke reached 890 billion USD in 2021 (accounting for 0.66% of the global GDP), and are projected to exceed 1.8 trillion USD by 2050 if the current growth rate persists. The global stroke burden exhibits a dual trend of "increasing absolute numbers but decreasing age-standardized rates". Low- and middle-income countries bear most of the disease burden, and the incidence of stroke shows a coexistence of younger and older onset. In terms of risk factors, the burden of traditional behavior-related risks has decreased, while the attributable burden of metabolic and climate-related risks is rapidly increasing. China bears the heaviest stroke burden globally, characterized by a “four-high” pattern of “high incidence, high prevalence, medium-to-high mortality, and medium-to-high DALYs”, with significant urban-rural and regional disparities. This condition results from the combined effects of accelerated population aging and continuously increasing exposure to risk factors. In 2021, there were 26.335 million prevalent cases in China, with ASPR of 1 301.4/100 000. In 2021, there were 4.09 million new stroke cases in China (ASIR 204.8/100 000), accounting for 34.2% of all new global cases—far exceeding China's proportion of the world's population (about 20%). IS accounted for 67.8% [2.772 million cases, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) 135.8/100 000], and ICH accounted for 28.7% (1.173 million cases, ASIR 61.2/100 000). The annual total economic burden of stroke in China has exceeded 400 billion RMB, with its proportion in the national healthcare expenditure continuing to increase. Direct medical costs account for about 60%, while indirect costs (including productivity losses and caregiving expenses) account for 40%, imposing a dual pressure on both society and families. To address this challenge, a stratified precision prevention and control system centered on the coordination of "policy-healthcare-society" should be established, covering primordial, primary, and secondary prevention levels. Emphasis should be placed on cross-sector collaboration, data-driven approaches, and international experience sharing to achieve effective control of the stroke burden and promote global health equity. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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English Translation of Ancient Chinese Texts: Experiences and Methods ZHANG Yue, SUN Yifeng Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (1): 136-149.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.01.011 Abstract （1332）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （1321KB）（4457）       Knowledge map    Save English translations of ancient texts are important for spreading Chinese culture abroad. Domestication and foreignization strategies from the perspective of cross-cultural translation are practical considerations of the operational matrix. Translators must select a proper translation method based on the type of audience, the purpose of translation, the historical and cultural context, and the peculiarities of ancient texts. This article explores the characteristics and causes of the three approaches: translation by Chinese scholars, translation by Western scholars, and translation by Chinese and Western collaborators, requiring strong support from official institutions or private organizations. It also examines the content, quality, and orientation of overseas publications of English translations of ancient texts, especially English translation series, and advocates the strengthening of overseas publication and distribution, which will contribute to the dissemination of English translations of ancient texts overseas and the globalization of traditional Chinese culture. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Renewable Energy Consumption Strategies of Power System Integrated with Electric Vehicle Clusters Based on Load Alignment and Deep Reinforcement Learning LIU Yanhang, QIAO Ruyu, LIANG Nan, CHEN Yu, YU Kai, WU Hanxiao Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2025, 59 (10): 1464-1475.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.529 Abstract （2547）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （3345KB）（4360）       Knowledge map    Save As China accelerates the construction of power systems with renewable energy as the mainstay, the large-scale integration of renewables has led to prominent issues such as wind and light curtailment. To improve the utilization of new energy consumption in power systems, this paper proposes a novel renewable energy consumption method based on load alignment and deep reinforcement learning. First, it proposes a node load line formation model based on linearized power flow calculations, which can guide adjustable loads to shift the electricity consumption period, thereby promoting the improvement of new energy consumption. Unlike the direct current (DC) power flow model, the proposed alternating current (AC) model accounts for voltage constraints and other related constraints of the power system. Compared with other AC power flow models, this model linearizes all nonlinear constraints and has lower computational costs. Then, this paper constructs a market framework for load alignment mechanism. The framework involves three main entities: independent system operators, regional power grid sellers, and electric vehicle adjustable load aggregators. It also explores the solution for load alignment incentive prices using electric vehicle clusters as adjustable loads. As the solution of the load benchmark incentive price involves a master-slave game between three entities, conventional mathematical analysis methods face high complexity. Therefore, it employs deep reinforcement learning algorithm to solve the problem. The deep reinforcement learning algorithm takes the marginal electricity price of each node as state space, the load benchmark incentive price as action space, and the cost of regional power grid sellers as feedback. The agent can find the load line incentive price that maximizes the benefits of regional power grid sellers after continuous training. Finally, the example analysis shows that the load alignment mechanism not only effectively promotes the improvement of new energy consumption level, but also enhances the interests of independent system operators, regional power grid sellers, and electric vehicle aggregators. The results further confirm that the deep reinforcement learning algorithm maximizes the benefits of regional power grid sellers. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Short-Term Carbon Emission Accounting Method for Power Industry Using Electricity Data Based on a Combined Model of CNN and LightGBM ZENG Jincan, HE Gengsheng, LI Yaowang, DU Ershun, ZHANG Ning, ZHU Haojun Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University    2025, 59 (6): 746-757.   DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.382 Abstract （4657）   HTML （40）    PDF（pc） （6089KB）（4291）       Knowledge map    Save The electric power industry plays a pivotal role in carbon emission control. Accurate and real-time accounting of carbon emissions in the power industry is essential for supporting the carbon reduction of the power industry. At present, the measurement of carbon emissions in the power industry relies mainly on direct measurement or the accounting methods, which often struggles to balance low measurement costs with real-time accuracy. Therefore, in this paper, the robust power data infrastructure in the power industry is leveraged and the correlation between electricity consumption and carbon emissions is explored to propose a short-term electricity-to-carbon method using machine learning methods based on historical data of electricity. This method utilizes convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for feature extraction, and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) for carbon emission estimation based on extracted features. Moreover, K-fold cross-validation is used in model training, with parameter optimization using grid search to enhance the generalization capability and robustness of the model. To validate the proposed method, it is compared with other machine learning models under the same data segmentation condition for daily and hourly data sets. The results indicate that the proposed model outperforms other models in both performance evaluation and the consistency between estimated and target values. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application of Intelligent Perception in OODA Ring of Air Defense and Anti-Missile ZHANG Di, WANG Hui, AN Guochen, GU Cunfeng, FAN Tianzheng Air & Space Defense    2024, 7 (1): 1-5.   Abstract （1285）      PDF（pc） （1016KB）（4172）       Knowledge map    Save In the future intelligent war, new challenges for detection, perception, command and decision of air defense and anti-missile weapon systems are required and have been put forward. Focusing on intelligent perception countermeasure to empower future air defense and anti-missile combat equipment, the concept and connotation of intelligent perception were analyzed. Centered on the OODA(Observe, Orient, Decide and Act) ring and the typical combat process, the main forms of sensing countermeasures were elaborated, including warning and counter warning, detection and counter detection, and tracking and counter tracking. The core scientific problem was identified, which was feature concealment and recognition. The main application scenarios of perception countermeasure technology in the OODA ring were revealed. Finally, the key technologies that need to be developed to enhance the intelligent level of perception concealment for air defense and anti-missile weapon systems have been proposed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Clinical research on progress of antinuclear antibody in rheumatoid arthritis LI Yuan, ZHANG Le, YIN Hanlin, ZHENG Bing, LÜ Liangjing Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2023, 22 (06): 579-586.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.06.011 Abstract （993）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （900KB）（4168）       Knowledge map    Save Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by erosive arthritis, with a global prevalence of 0.25% to 1.00%, which may ultimately lead to joint deformity and loss of function. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) refers to auto-antibodies that target various components of eukaryotic cells. Although ANA may be frequently detected in RA patients, with a positive rate of 30% to 60%, the significance of ANA in the diagnosis and treatment of RA remains unclear. Nuclear patterns in RA population are dominated by speckled and homogeneous patterns, mainly at low titres. The detection rate of extractable nuclear antibodies is usually lower than that of ANA. The serum levels of rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody in ANA-positive RA patients are much higher than ANA-negative ones, and joint erosion of ANA-positive RA patients had more severe joint erosion on imaging as well. Therefore, ANA is a potential predictor of severe joint injury. ANA-positive RA patients are more likely to have extra-articular manifestations [such as subcutaneous nodules(82% vs 46%), ocular lesions(38% vs 6%), and infections(38% vs 12%)].In terms of RA comorbidities, compared to the ANA negative group, the ANA positive group had higher levels of moderate and severe anemia (16.04% vs 6.9%; 6.6% vs 0.07%), Sjogren's syndrome (19.5% vs 4.1%), and vasculitis (29% vs 7%). In addition, ANA positivity is an independent risk factor for elderly RA patients with carotid intimal thickening (HR=4.089) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in female RA (OR=3.268, P=0.045), respectively. Attention should be paid to high-titre ANA-positive RA patients for preventive measures. In terms of treatment, RA patients who are ANA-positive when given tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNFi) treatment got much poorer therapeutic response than ANA-negative ones, especially those with high titres were more prone to generating anti-drug antibodies. Increase of ANA titer induced by TNFi is associated with no response to TNFi treatment, thus monitoring the change of ANA may predict the long-term efficacy of TNFi. The most common adverse event of TNFi is drug-induced lupus. Although it has been confirmed that the induction of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies is associated with poor efficacy of TNFi, large-scale studies are still needed to confirm the correlation between the increase of ANA titer or ocurence of dsDNA antibody and the induction of drug-induced lupus. In conclusion, this paper reviews the research progress on ANA characteristics in RA population, clinical manifestations of ANA-positive RA, and the association between ANA and TNFi prognosis. The potential of ANA as a new biomarker of RA needs to be further studied. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Review of Studies on Translation and Dissemination of Ethnological Works in China: Status Quo, Reflection, and Prospect WANG Jing Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (3): 43-53.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.03.005 Abstract （713）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （1347KB）（4136）       Knowledge map    Save Chinese ethnology is a discipline introduced from the West and its establishment and development have been closely intertwined with the translation and dissemination of ethnological works in China. This paper first briefly outlines the Chinese translation history of ethnological works since the beginning of the 20th century and then investigates and analyzes the existing studies related to the Chinese translation of ethnological works respectively in translation studies community and ethnology community. It is found that the translation studies community primarily focuses on studies of translation history and ethnological translators, while the ethnology community’s research achievements are concentrated on bibliographic compilations and the descriptions of translation facts in disciplinary history. Based on the literature review and analysis, this paper reflects on the limitations of existing studies in terms of quality, scope, and perspective, and looks into the future research direction from the dimensions of macro-research, micro-research, academic environment, and academic responsibility. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analyzing the Linguistic Landscape in Ethnic Minority Areas from the Perspective of Sociolinguistics of Globalization:A Case in Daozhen Gelao and Miao Minority County WANG Huoyan, TONG Xiuwen Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (1): 69-80.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.01.05 Abstract （1091）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （1300KB）（4124）       Knowledge map    Save Taking the linguistic landscape on Yinzhen Avenue in Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County of Guizhou province as a sample, this paper discusses the linguistic landscape in the urban center of ethnic minority areas with a focus on English use within the framework of the three core concepts of mobility, standardization and localization from the perspective of sociolinguistics of globalization. Through the statistical analysis of the language distribution proportions on the 240 collected linguistic signs, it is found that English is the second language after Chinese and has higher visibility and mobility than minority languages. Findings also show the low degree of standardization as well as the large proportion and high degree of localization in English use, which reflects the role of English in the linguistic landscape in presenting Chinese native culture and manifesting the Chinese people's cultural confidence and national identity, and discloses the low education level and the endangerment of ethnic minority languages. Such results have certain practical significance for knowing the language ecology in ethnic minority areas, and promoting the revision and implementation of national language planning and language policies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretation of the “2022 World Hemophilia Annual Report” by the World Federation of Hemophilia ZHU Lijun, ZHENG Changcheng Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice    2024, 23 (01): 40-45.   DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.01.006 Abstract （1719）   HTML （37）    PDF（pc） （904KB）（4069）       Knowledge map    Save The World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) released its new Annual Global Survey (AGS) in October 2022. The report sets goals for diagnosis and treatment of hereditary bleeding disorders, including a 25% increase in the diagnosis rate of hemophilia and a 14% increase in the diagnosis rate of von Willebrand disease (vWD) patient by 2025. It also aims to provide appropriate care and treatment particularly by increasing the rate of prophylactic treatment for severe hemophilia patients under the age of 18 by 25%, and continuing to provide humanitarian aid to at least 20 000 patients annually through the WFH. The AGS 2022 estimates the annual average prevalence of hemophilia worldwide, with hemophilia A (HA) at 17.1 per 100 000 males, including severe HA at 6.0 per 100 000 males; and hemophilia B (HB) at 3.8 per 100 000 males, including severe HB at 1.1 per 100 000 males. Based on the world population (7.9 billion, with 4 billion males), it is estimated that the global prevalence of hemophilia is around 10.6 per 100 000, with a total of 830 895 individuals with hemophilia worldwide, of which approximately 282 266 are severe cases. The prevalence rate of hemophilia in China is between 2.73 and 3.09 per 100 000, which is lower than that of the global average. It is indicated in the report that there are 11 700 female hemophilia patients, accounting for 5% of the total number of hemophilia patients; and there are 54 066 female vWD patients, accounting for 56% of the total vWD population, and 34 370 cases of other bleeding disorders in females， highlighting that vWD is the most common bleeding disorder among women. In China, there are a total of 27 689 patients with HA, with the age distribution as follows: 4% aged 0-4 years, 21% aged 5-13 years, 12% aged 14-18 years, 43% aged 19-44 years, 16% aged 45 and above, and 4% with an uncertain age. Compared with low-income countries, high-income countries have a higher diagnosis rate for mild hemophilia and fewer patients with uncertain diagnosis. Patients with hemophilia in low-income countries are at a significant risk of early death. The use of emicizumab for prophylactic treatment in economically developed regions is significantly higher than that in China. There is still a considerable gap between China and European and American countries in the diagnosis and treatment of hemophilia and other bleeding disorders. It is necessary for clinical professionals in China to enhance their understanding of hemophilia and other bleeding disorders and to continuously improve diagnosis and treatment capabilities. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Study of Black Female Images in Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon WANG Yukuo, WANG Meng Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies    2024, 24 (2): 153-162.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2024.02.014 Abstract （764）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （1320KB）（4042）       Knowledge map    Save The impact of feminism over black American women writers since 1970s has made them reconsider the racial issues as well as the problems among black people, focusing especially on the racial discriminations and gender oppressions against black women. Toni Morrison, the representative figure, is not pleased with the existing images of black women, and has created multiple, and dimensionally sophisticated female characters in Song of Solomon, which challenges not only the stereotyped black women images, but also broadens the boundaries of (black) feminist thought, and enriches (black) feminist literary criticism. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）